1) The correct answer is c) Shift supply
True, the medium is almost the same price, so the large seems like a better deal by comparison.
In this scenario, the movie theater wants customers to purchase the large popcorn. By offering a medium size that is priced very close to the large size, they create a decoy effect. The medium size serves as a reference point or anchor price, making the large size appear more appealing in comparison. The small size, being significantly cheaper, does not act as a decoy in this case.
When customers see the prices of the small, medium, and large popcorn, they are likely to compare the medium and large sizes. Since the price difference between the medium and large is relatively small, the large size appears to be a better value for just a slightly higher cost. This strategy can encourage customers to choose the large popcorn, even if they initially intended to buy the medium or small size.
2) If the cell phone factories are damaged in an earthquake and cannot produce as many phones, this will cause a shift in supply to the left and prices will increase.
The damage to the cell phone factories due to the earthquake disrupts the production capacity, leading to a decrease in the quantity of cell phones supplied in the market. As a result, the supply curve shifts to the left. With a reduced supply, the market experiences a shortage of cell phones, leading to an increase in prices.
As the supply curve shifts leftward, the equilibrium price and quantity change. The new equilibrium price will be higher than before the earthquake, reflecting the limited availability of cell phones. Additionally, the equilibrium quantity will decrease, as fewer phones can be produced and supplied to the market.
Overall, the earthquake-induced damage to cell phone factories reduces the supply of phones, causing prices to rise and creating a shortage in the market.
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Suppose in the market for banana. When the price is \( \$ 2 \), the quantity demanded for banana is 17 , and the quantity supplied is 7 . What's the amount of shortage in the market? Your Answer:
The amount of shortage in the market is 10 as per the information given about market shortage.
Market shortage refers to a market condition where there is an excess demand for a commodity or service, but the supply is less than the demand. A market shortage arises when the market price of a good or service is less than its equilibrium price.
To determine the market shortage, we need to determine the difference between the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied when the market price is given. The difference between the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied at a given price is known as a market shortage.
Suppose in the market for a banana, when the price is $2, the quantity demanded for a banana is 17, and the quantity supplied is 7.
The amount of shortage in the market:
We have,
Quantity demanded, Qd = 17
Quantity supplied, Qs = 7
Price, P = $2
The market shortage can be calculated by subtracting the quantity supplied from the quantity demanded.
Market shortage = Quantity demanded - Quantity supplied
Market shortage = Qd - Qs
Market shortage = 17 - 7
Market shortage = 10
Therefore, the amount of shortage in the market is 10.
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The Monster company is a multiproduct company that manufactures three products – product A, product B and product C. Here the information on sales and costs in 2022 (in dollars):
Product A Product B Product C Total
Selling price. 200 100 50
Variable costs per unit. 100 75 25
Fixed costs 50.000
The sales mix is the following (the sales mix does not change): Product A: 20%;
Product B: 30%;
Product C: 50%.
Identify the break-even point for the company (in units and in revenues).
The break-even point for the company is 1,250 units or $118,750 in revenues.
To identify the break-even point for the company, we need to calculate the number of units and the revenue needed to cover all the costs.
First, let's calculate the contribution margin per unit for each product. The contribution margin is the selling price minus the variable cost per unit.
Product A: $200 - $100 = $100
Product B: $100 - $75 = $25
Product C: $50 - $25 = $25
Next, let's calculate the weighted average contribution margin. Multiply the contribution margin per unit of each product by their respective sales mix percentages and sum them up.
Weighted average contribution margin = (Product A contribution margin x Product A sales mix) + (Product B contribution margin x Product B sales mix) + (Product C contribution margin x Product C sales mix)
= ($100 x 20%) + ($25 x 30%) + ($25 x 50%)
= $20 + $7.5 + $12.5
= $40
Now, let's calculate the break-even point in units. Divide the total fixed costs by the weighted average contribution margin per unit.
Break-even point in units = Total fixed costs / Weighted average contribution margin per unit
= $50,000 / $40
= 1,250 units
Finally, let's calculate the break-even point in revenues. Multiply the break-even point in units by the weighted average selling price.
Break-even point in revenues = Break-even point in units x Weighted average selling price
= 1,250 units x ($200 x 20% + $100 x 30% + $50 x 50%)
= 1,250 units x ($40 + $30 + $25)
= 1,250 units x $95
= $118,750
Therefore, the break-even point for the company is 1,250 units or $118,750 in revenues.
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Susan manufactures robots for the farming industry. She makes 2
farming robot models, TM1 and TM2, which are primarily programmed
to pick up eggs. Susan wanted to generate some publicity for her
busin
Susan is a manufacturer of robots for the farming industry, and she specializes in making farming robot models, TM1 and TM2. These robots are primarily programmed to pick up eggs, and she has decided to generate some publicity for her business.
Online marketing - Susan can use online marketing to reach a wider audience. She can use search engine optimization (SEO) techniques to rank higher in search engine results pages, use email marketing campaigns, and use pay-per-click (PPC) advertising to promote her business.
Networking - Susan can attend networking events and conferences to meet other people in the farming industry. This will give her the opportunity to build relationships with potential customers, suppliers, and partners. In conclusion, there are many ways Susan can generate publicity for her business. By using a combination of different channels, she can reach a wider audience and increase awareness of her farming robot models.
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One of the problems with the CML, stems from the so called "separation principle". What is the best solution to that problem?
Select one:
a.
borrow and lend at the t-bill rate
b.
lend at the t-bill rate
c.
borrow at the t-bill rate
d.
short the t-bill
e.
Zero-beta portfolio
The best solution to that problems with the CML (Capital Market Line) stems is to borrow at the t-bill rate. The correct option is c.
One of the problems with the CML (Capital Market Line) stems from the so-called "separation principle." The best solution to that problem is to borrow at the t-bill rate.
The capital market line (CML) is a graphical illustration of the risk-and-reward principle. It depicts a line that slopes upwards and to the right and connects the risk-free asset and the market portfolio, which includes all risky assets. It represents the most efficient possible portfolio in terms of risk and return. T
he slope of the CML is referred to as the "market price of risk," which refers to the compensation that investors require to take on additional risk.The CML is a popular tool for portfolio optimization in the field of finance, since it can aid in determining a portfolio's expected return given a certain level of risk.
The CML allows investors to calculate the Sharpe Ratio of a portfolio, which is a measure of risk-adjusted return.
The correct option is c.
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What is your biggest take-away from our learning about public speaking?
What kind of research did you conduct for your topic? Was this kind of research new to you?
What did you learn from the peer review process, if you participated?
If you recorded a speech:
What went well during the speech? What did not go as planned?
If you had it to do again, what might you do differently?
What did you learn from the speeches of others (examples posted on Canvas, "worst speech ever," etc.)?
Public speaking, also called oration or oratory, is the process of communicating information to a live audience. The type of information communicated is deliberately structured to inform, persuade, and entertain.
Here are some potential answers to the questions you posed:
The biggest take-away from learning about public speaking is that it is a skill that can be developed and improved through practice. Some other takeaways include: the importance of understanding your audience, being well-prepared, using effective body language and vocal delivery, and being confident in your message.
In order to give an effective speech, it is important to conduct research on your topic to gather information and support your message. This research can involve reading books and articles, watching videos, conducting interviews, or gathering data through surveys or experiments. Depending on the topic, this kind of research may be new or familiar to you.
Peer review is a valuable process that allows you to get feedback on your speech from others in your class or community. This feedback can help you identify areas for improvement and refine your message. Some things you may learn from peer review include: the strengths and weaknesses of your speech, how your message is perceived by others, and how you can make your speech more effective.
If you recorded a speech and watched it back, you may notice certain things that went well and others that did not go as planned. Some things that might go well include: clear delivery, engaging content, and effective use of visual aids. Some things that may not go as planned include: technical difficulties, stumbling over words, or losing your place in the speech.
If you had the chance to give the speech again, there may be certain things you would do differently. For example, you might spend more time practicing, adjust the content or delivery, or incorporate feedback from others.
Watching other speeches can be a valuable learning experience because it allows you to see what works and what doesn't. For example, you might notice certain techniques or strategies that are effective, or you might see common mistakes that you can avoid in your own speeches.
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Kindly answer the discussion questions based on the case below.
CASE
Where’s the Leadership?
At Ablecor, Inc., senior management announced a restructuring/reorganization plan every January, with a target completion date of June. The reorganization directives mentioned strategic objectives and the competitive environment, but this changed very little from year to year. There were no announcements from leadership on what was to be accomplished by the reorganization, nor were any process changes explained. In addition, there was no effort to get the workforce involved in new initiatives. At the end of the day, nothing ever changed from these reorganizations—just a shuffling of managers and departments to justify reducing staff. First-line managers, middle managers, and junior executives throughout the company spent the year dreading the reorganization, sweating through the process and wondering if this was the year their job was to be eliminated, and then being thankful that they were spared for one more year. The economy was down, so it was difficult to leave and take a job elsewhere. Except for a few criti- cal positions, there was little training or management development for those employees with new responsibilities. Customers were often confused and frustrated by having to deal with a succession of new or "re-shuffled" contact people each year. At Baycor, Ltd., one department was asked by senior leadership to develop action plans and projects needed to launch a new product. The department manager took the initiative to implement a transformational change and appointed a lead team consisting of her section managers and a few key subject-matter experts. As the employees became more inspired by the thoughts and ideas surrounding the transformation, the lead team became aware that their power base was going to disappear if the changes were actually implemented, especially if employees were empowered to recommend changes and make some decisions on their own. The lead team decided implicitly and explicitly not to allow any significant changes to occur. After four months of anticipation by super- visors and employees, the lead team just declared the transformation finished and went back to business as usual. This was frustrating and demoralizing to the employees.
Discussion Questions
1. Discuss how the leadership failed to foster change in order to create a sustainable organizational structure and environment at Ablecor.
2. What aspects of effective leadership were ignored at Baycor?
3. What actions should the leadership of these two companies have taken?
1. Leadership failed to foster change in order to create a sustainable organizational structure and environment at Ablecor through various ways.
Firstly, senior management announced a restructuring/reorganization plan every January, with a target completion date of June, but the reorganization directives mentioned strategic objectives and the competitive environment, which changed very little from year to year. There were no announcements from leadership on what was to be accomplished by the reorganization, nor were any process changes explained. Secondly, there was no effort to get the workforce involved in new initiatives. Lastly, there was no training or management development for those employees with new responsibilities.
2. The leadership at Baycor ignored various aspects of effective leadership.
First, there was no support from senior leadership to implement change. Second, the lead team had a power base that would disappear if changes were actually implemented, especially if employees were empowered to recommend changes and make some decisions on their own. Lastly, the lead team just declared the transformation finished and went back to business as usual.
3. The leadership of Ablecor should have communicated more effectively by explaining the reasons for the reorganization and process changes.
Also, the leadership should have involved the workforce in new initiatives, and provide training or management development for those employees with new responsibilities. Similarly, the leadership of Baycor should have given support for implementing change, empowered employees to recommend changes and make some decisions on their own, and ensure that changes were fully implemented.
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Discuss the following topic(s) in the forum and submit proof of your participation in the online discussions:
Discuss how accounting knowledge is useful and applicable in your workplace.
Explain how accounting influences your personal decision-making.
Explain your understanding of internal and external users and provide examples of the accounting information required.
Assume you are considering investing in a company. You read the annual report to evaluate the company. In your opinion, explain to other potential investors how the information in annual reports can help them make investment decisions.
Accounting is a financial system that helps businesses to record, analyze, and interpret financial data. Accounting knowledge is useful and applicable in the workplace as it enables the business owner or manager to make informed decisions about their business.
Accounting knowledge is useful and applicable in the workplace:
Accounting is critical in the decision-making process of a business. It enables business owners or managers to analyze financial data and make informed decisions. A business that has a proper accounting system can track its expenses, revenues, and other financial transactions. This helps the business owner to monitor the business's financial performance and plan accordingly.
Accounting influences personal decision-making:
Accounting principles can be applied to personal finances. Individuals can use their knowledge of accounting to make informed decisions about their personal finances. For example, individuals can use their knowledge of accounting to develop a budget, monitor their expenses, and plan for the future.
Internal and External users:
Internal users of accounting information are individuals within the organization who use the accounting information to make business decisions. Examples of internal users include managers, owners, and employees. Internal users need financial information to make decisions about the day-to-day operations of the business, budgeting, and forecasting. External users of accounting information are individuals outside the organization who use the accounting information to make decisions about the business.
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Suppose Australia can produce either 200 units of textiles or 200 units of cars, while Japan can produce either 180 units of textiles or 240 units of cars given the resources they have (see Table 1). Currently in autarky Australia produces 100 units of textiles and 100 units of cars, while Japan produces 90 units of textiles and 120 units of cars. After opening for trade Australia consumes 115 cars and 108 Textiles with the cars being traded at 1.25 Cars/Textile. Based on this data and theory of comparative advantage (Ricardian model), answer the following (assume constant opportunity cost):
Table 1
Product
Textiles (T)
Cars (C)
Australia
200
200
Japan
180
240
(a): Compute the opportunity costs and state which country has comparative advantage in Textiles, and which has comparative advantage in Cars
(b): What is the price range Cars will trade at (i.e. terms of trade limits)?
(c): Suppose the countries trade and both countries completely specialize, show (compute) the production gains and consumption gains from trade
Opportunity costs are the expenses of the next-best alternative. For example, if a student goes to college, the opportunity cost is the money they could have earned if they had worked instead.
(a) In this scenario, Japan has a lower opportunity cost for cars because it can produce cars at a lower cost than textiles. Australia, on the other hand, has a lower opportunity cost in textiles because it can manufacture textiles at a lower cost than cars. As a result, Japan has a comparative advantage in cars, whereas Australia has a comparative advantage in textiles.
(b) The price range that automobiles will trade at will be between 1 and 1.25 textiles per car. This is because the cost of producing one automobile in Japan is 1.5 times that of producing one textile. As a result, if the price of cars is less than one textile per car, Japan will export textiles to Australia rather than cars because it will receive more textiles for the same price.
(c) If both countries specialise, Australia will produce 200 units of textiles and Japan will produce 240 units of cars. Australia will trade 85 textiles for 106.25 cars, whereas Japan will trade 115.63 cars for 92.5 textiles. Before trade, Australia produced 100 textiles and 100 cars.
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Air France-KLM Group
Instructions:
Use the IFRS Financial Statements 2015
The comparison should be based between IFRS vs US GAAP (Financial Statements).
Use the following template
BALANCE SHEET
1.
2.
3.
INCOME STATEMENT
1.
2.
CASH FLOWS
1.
2.
When comparing Air France-KLM Group's financial statements between IFRS and US GAAP, differences arise in areas such as property, plant, and equipment valuation, classification of financial instruments, and specific criteria for intangible assets.
BALANCE SHEET: Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E):
Under IFRS, Air France-KLM Group reports its PP&E at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. However, under US GAAP, the Group has the option to choose between the historical cost model and the revaluation model for its PP&E.
If the revaluation model is selected, the assets are reported at fair value less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Intangible Assets:
IFRS and US GAAP have similar principles for recognizing and measuring intangible assets. However, there may be differences in the specific criteria for recognition and measurement, such as the useful life and impairment testing requirements.
Therefore, it is important to review the specific disclosures related to intangible assets in both sets of financial statements for Air France-KLM Group.
Financial Instruments:
IFRS and US GAAP have different classifications and measurement criteria for financial instruments. Under IFRS, financial instruments are classified into four categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans, and receivables.
Held-to-maturity investments, and available-for-sale financial assets. In contrast, US GAAP has different classifications, including held-to-maturity securities, trading securities, and available-for-sale securities.
INCOME STATEMENT: Revenue Recognition:
Both IFRS and US GAAP have similar principles for recognizing revenue. However, there may be differences in the timing of revenue recognition and the specific criteria for certain industries.
It is important to review the revenue recognition policies disclosed in the financial statements of Air France-KLM Group to understand any variations between IFRS and US GAAP.
Operating Expenses:
Under IFRS and US GAAP, similar categories of operating expenses are reported, such as employee benefits, aircraft operating expenses, fuel expenses, and maintenance costs.
However, there may be differences in the classification and presentation of these expenses due to varying requirements in IFRS and US GAAP. It is essential to review the specific disclosures in the financial statements for accurate comparisons.
CASH FLOWS: Operating Activities:
Both IFRS and US GAAP require the presentation of cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method. However, there may be differences in the classification and presentation of certain cash flows, such as interest paid and income taxes paid.
A careful review of the cash flow statement in Air France-KLM Group's financial statements is necessary to identify any variations between IFRS and US GAAP.
Investing and Financing Activities:
The classification and presentation of cash flows from investing and financing activities are generally similar under IFRS and US GAAP.
However, there may be differences in the specific categories and disclosures. It is important to analyze the cash flow statement in Air France-KLM Group's financial statements to identify any variations between IFRS and US GAAP requirements.
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Steps were taken to improve productivity by sysdoc:
Scenario: Sysdoc has implemented a hybrid approach because productivity is declining. so we need STEPS TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN SYSDOC(ORGANIZATION)
In the present business environment, productivity is a significant factor that contributes to the success of any organization. Productivity determines the effectiveness of any organization, and it’s essential to look for ways to improve it.
Sysdoc has invested in training and development for their employees. Through training and development, employees acquire new skills that improve their productivity, increasing the organization's productivity. Sysdoc has implemented a performance management system to monitor employee performance. This system helps to identify areas where employees need improvement, which helps to improve overall productivity.
In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, Sysdoc has implemented work from home policies. This has been beneficial to employees, and it has improved their productivity levels. Sysdoc has involved employees in decision-making processes, which has boosted employee morale, leading to increased productivity. In conclusion, Sysdoc has implemented the above measures to improve productivity.
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At the beginning of Year 1, Copeland Drugstore purchased a new computer system for $290,000. It is expected to have a five-year life and a $40,000 salvage value. Required a. Compute the depreciation for each of the five years, assuming that the company uses (1) Straight-line depreciation, (2) Double-declining-balance depreciation. b. Record the purchase of the computer system and the depreciation expense for the first year under straight-line and doubledeclining-balance methods in a financial statements model. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Compute the depreciation for each of the five years, assuming that the company uses straight-line depreciation. (1) Stralght-ine depreciation. (2) Double-decining-balance depreciation. b. Record the purchase of the computer system and the depreciation expense for the first year under stralght-line and doubledeclining-balance methods in a financial statements model. Complote this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Compute the depreclation for each of the five years, assuming that the company uses double-dedining-balance depreciation. (Wesve no ceils blank- be certain to enter "o- wherever required.) Complete thin question by entering your answers in the tabs balow. Record the purchase of the computer system and the depredation expense for the first year under straight-ine and double-decliningbalance methods in a financial statements model. (In the Cash Flow column, indicate whether the Itam is an operating activity (OA), an investing activity (IA), or a finanding activity (FA). If an element is not affected by the event, leave the coll blank. Enter any decreases to account balarices and cash outfiows with a minus sign. Not all cells will require entry.)
At the beginning of Year 1, Copeland Drugstore purchased a new computer system for $290,000. It is expected to have a five-year life and a $40,000 salvage value. If an element is not affected by the event, leave the column blank.
Required Straight-line depreciation Depreciation = (Cost of asset – Salvage value)/Useful life of asset= ($290,000 - $40,000)/5 years= $50,000 per year
Year 1 $50,000
Year 2 $50,000
Year 3 $50,000
Year 4 $50,000
Year 5 $50,000
Double-declining-balance depreciation Depreciation = (2 / Useful life of asset) × Book value at the beginning of the year . Record the purchase of the computer system and the depreciation expense for the first year under straight-line and double-declining-balance methods in a financial statements model. In the Cash Flow column, indicate whether the item is an operating activity (OA), an investing activity (IA), or a financing activity (FA).
Enter any decreases to account balances and cash outflows with a minus sign. Not all cells will require entry.)Straight-line depreciation. Double-declining-balance depreciation.
Year 1: Depreciation = (2 / 5) × $290,000= $116,000
Year 2: Depreciation = (2 / 5) × ($290,000 - $116,000)= $69,600
Year 3: Depreciation = (2 / 5) × ($290,000 - $116,000 - $69,600)= $41,760
Year 4: Depreciation = (2 / 5) × ($290,000 - $116,000 - $69,600 - $41,760)= $25,056
Year 5: Depreciation = ($290,000 - $116,000 - $69,600 - $41,760 - $25,056)= $37,584
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Calculate, to the nearest cent, the future value FV (in dollars) of an investment of $10,000 at the stated interest rate after the stated amount of time.
4% per year, compounded quarterly (4 times/year), after 6 years
FV = $
By investing $10,000 at an annual interest rate of 4%, compounded quarterly, for a period of 6 years, the investment will grow to approximately $11,501.60.
To calculate the future value (FV) of an investment, we can use the formula for compound interest:
FV = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
P = Principal amount (initial investment)
r = Annual interest rate (expressed as a decimal)
n = Number of times interest is compounded per year
t = Number of years
In this case, the principal amount (P) is $10,000, the annual interest rate (r) is 4% (or 0.04 as a decimal), the interest is compounded quarterly (n = 4), and the investment period (t) is 6 years.
Plugging in these values into the formula, we get:
FV = $10,000(1 + 0.04/4)^(4*6)
= $10,000(1 + 0.01)^(24)
= $10,000(1.01)^(24)
≈ $11,501.60
Therefore, the future value (FV) of the $10,000 investment at an interest rate of 4% per year, compounded quarterly, after 6 years is approximately $11,501.60.
Compound interest allows the investment to accumulate more value over time, as the interest is calculated not only on the initial principal but also on the accumulated interest. It is important to consider the compounding frequency when calculating the future value, as more frequent compounding leads to higher returns.
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Excerpt: "What it means in practice is that producers would have more certainty about future demand for their product, and that would encourage investment in production today, " a senior U.S. official told reporters. a. Why would this U.S. official believe that the expectation of an increase in demand in the future (2023) would make producers increase their extraction capacity in the present (2022)?
b. Will this additional capacity cause oil prices in the future to increase or drop relative to what would have happened otherwise?
"What it means in practice is that producers would have more certainty about future demand for their product, and that would encourage investment in production today" was the statement given by a senior U.S. official to the reporters. Accordingly, the answers to the questions are given below:
a. The U.S. official believes that the expectation of an increase in demand in the future (2023) would make producers increase their extraction capacity in the present (2022) because it would provide them with more certainty about future demand for their product. When producers are confident that there will be a higher demand for their product in the future, they are more likely to invest in expanding their production capacity to meet that demand. This can include building new extraction facilities, acquiring new equipment, or hiring more workers.
b. This additional capacity is likely to cause oil prices in the future to drop relative to what would have happened otherwise. When producers increase their extraction capacity in response to an expectation of higher demand, it leads to a larger supply of oil in the market. With more supply available, the prices tend to decrease as competition among producers intensifies. However, other factors such as changes in global demand, geopolitical events, or government policies can also impact oil prices, so it is important to consider these factors as well.
Overall, the relationship between the increased extraction capacity and future oil prices is complex and influenced by multiple factors, including supply, demand, and market dynamics.
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Give Specific Examples Of How LP Is Trying To Meet Each ESG Requirement With Its "Code Of Business Conduct" (12 Marks – 4 Marks Per Requirement – Cite Specific Sections Of The Code – Min Word Count 200)
Give specific examples of how LP is trying to meet each ESG requirement with its "Code of Business Conduct" (12 marks – 4 marks per requirement – cite specific sections of the code – min word count 200)
ESG requirements represent environmental, social, and governance. These are standards that are implemented by an organization to ensure that their business practices are ethical, and the company is socially responsible.
LP has established policies to preserve the environment and minimize the negative effects of its operations on the environment. LP has provided several sections of its Code of Business Conduct to maintain environmental responsibility, which includes waste reduction, water management, air pollution reduction, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction.
According to Section 4.3 of the Code of Business Conduct, "we manage and minimize the impact of our manufacturing and distribution activities on the environment.
"Social responsibility- LP has established policies that reflect social responsibility. LP is committed to treating its employees, customers, and stakeholders with respect, honesty, and integrity.
"Governance responsibility- LP has established governance practices that reflect responsible decision-making and accountability.
"LP is working to meet ESG requirements by adopting a "Code of Business Conduct." LP has established policies that reflect environmental, social, and governance responsibility. LP has provided several sections of its Code of Business Conduct to ensure the company adheres to these principles.
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Integrated Concept Exercise (ICE) 3 - Supervisory Humour
The question here is how supervisors communicate in a diverse organization facing challenging economic times. What are the challenges faced by supervisors in making changes in today’s dynamic environment? While it may help to have humour in supervision, but there is a line beyond which humour can be insulting or offensive to others.
Even if you agree that management should "lighten up" or not take themselves so seriously, recognize that managers can be threatened by perceived attacks on their authority. (Perception is in the eye of the beholder.) Moreover, what is said about a company or its management in private is very different from what is said in a public, written format. Public statements can bring about very different consequences.
This exercise looks at the dilemma of personal communication styles. It is based on case 2-3 on page 322 of your textbook. Be sure to read this case thoroughly before you answer the questions below.
Questions
After disussing this situation with your group, answer the following questions:
What are the challenges facing the leadership of Software-n-More?
Evaluate the alternatives available to Chandler Mane
If you were Chandler Mane, what would you recommend to President Swan, and why?
In a troubled economy what can managers do motivate their employees to continuously improve?
Integrated Concept Exercise (ICE) 3 - Supervisory Humour Supervisors communicate in diverse organizations facing challenging economic times in different ways. However, they face various challenges when making changes in today's dynamic environment.
These challenges include technological advancements, economic instability, and cultural diversity. These challenges make it hard for the supervisors to make changes in the organization. Evaluating the alternatives available to Chandler Mane, he could use a motivational technique to motivate his employees to continuously improve. He can use his experience to help the employees with performance issues and provide them with feedback on their performance. Furthermore, he can help the company leaders to develop effective training programs for their employees and develop a comprehensive plan for the company's future. Chandler Mane can also implement a change in the culture of the organization to make it more responsive to the changing needs of the market. This approach would help the company adapt to the changing environment and create a more collaborative environment that encourages employees to work together to achieve common goals
Encourage employees to take part in decision-making processes to make them feel valued and appreciated. These are some ways through which managers can motivate their employees to continuously improve during a troubled economy.
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Beets R Us, LLC is a medium-sized farm in Iowa that grows beets that are only sold in Iowa. It does not export its beets outside of Iowa, though sometimes customers from out of state buy its beets while visiting Iowa. Is Beets R Us, LLC’s business practices subject to federal jurisdiction under Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution? Why or why not? write 1 -1. 5 page atleast
The limited scope of their operations, exclusively within the state of Iowa, and their lack of involvement in interstate commerce place them outside the reach of federal regulation in this context.
Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate commerce among the several states. This provision has been interpreted broadly by the courts, leading to the development of the "commerce clause" jurisprudence, which expands federal authority to regulate activities affecting interstate commerce.
To determine whether Beets R Us, LLC's business practices are subject to federal jurisdiction, it is necessary to assess their involvement in interstate commerce. The Supreme Court has held that intrastate activities may still be subject to federal regulation if they have a substantial effect on interstate commerce.
Beets R Us, LLC's operations are limited to the state of Iowa, where they grow and sell beets. While they do occasionally attract customers from out of state, their primary focus is on serving the local Iowa market. This localized nature of their business suggests a lack of substantial involvement in interstate commerce.
To further analyze the situation, the Supreme Court case of Wickard v. Filburn (1942) is relevant. In this case, the Court broadly interpreted the commerce clause to uphold the federal regulation of wheat production for personal consumption. The Court reasoned that even intrastate activities could have a cumulative effect on the national economy, thus falling within the purview of federal regulation.
However, Beets R Us, LLC can be distinguished from the situation in Wickard v. Filburn. Unlike the farmer in that case, who grew wheat for personal use, Beets R Us, LLC is engaged in commercial activities solely within Iowa. Their sales to out-of-state customers are incidental and do not constitute a substantial or continuous involvement in interstate commerce.
Given the limited scope of Beets R Us, LLC's operations, focused exclusively on Iowa and lacking substantial involvement in interstate commerce, it is unlikely that their business practices are subject to federal jurisdiction under Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. The precedents, including Wickard v. Filburn, support the proposition that purely intrastate activities with minimal impact on interstate commerce generally fall outside the reach of federal regulation.
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4. How does the system for allocating salary increases differ in union and nonunion organizations?
5. How does the usual structuring of union wage and benefit demands alter the structure of wage differentials in an organization over time?
Labor Relations
Labor Management
In a union, salary increases are collectively bargained and decided through negotiations between the union and the employer. A union contract establishes a pay scale that determines how much employees will be paid based on job classification, seniority, and other factors.
The union also usually has the power to call for a strike if negotiations break down. In nonunion organizations, salary increases are determined by management and can vary widely based on the company's financial situation, performance, and other factors. The structuring of union wage and benefit demands can alter the structure of wage differentials in an organization over time.
Union contracts typically establish minimum wage rates and pay scales based on job classification, which can lead to a compression of wage differentials. This means that workers at the lower end of the pay scale may receive larger percentage increases in pay than those at the higher end. In addition, union contracts often include cost-of-living adjustments and other automatic increases, which can further reduce wage differentials over time.
However, the overall impact of union wage and benefit demands on wage differentials depends on a variety of factors, including the nature of the work, the size and structure of the organization, and the collective bargaining process between the union and the employer.
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1. A greater degree of upstream vertical integration of the firm can carry a risk of: Increasing costs because of the lower-powered incentives of the in-house suppliers, and the fact that they are insulated from the market competition A greater likelihood of market failure O Decreasing revenues because the suppliers that the firm will integrate into its own operations will stop selling to the other incumbents O Increasing the extent of the information asymmetry in the entire industry 2.Market failure is a situation in which: There is a sharp drop (more than 5%) of the broad stock indices over the course of a single trading day on the New York Stock Exchange There is a willing buyer of a product, but the sellers' industry is so fragmented that the price levels remain unaffordable, hence the transaction cannot go forward There is a willing seller of a product, there is a willing buyer of that product, the seller and the buyer can agree on price, but the threat of opportunistic behavior makes the transaction between them impossible O Capital markets systematically underestimate the inherent level of risk present in the securitized debt obligations, overinvest in them, and thus cause a financial crisis
The correct answer is option (a). A greater degree of upstream vertical integration of the firm can carry a risk of Increasing costs because of the lower-powered incentives of the in-house suppliers, and the fact that they are insulated from the market competition.
Vertical integration is a business strategy that allows a firm to control its entire supply chain. The strategy of vertical integration involves bringing together various stages of the supply chain under one roof. The correct answer is option (a). A higher degree of upstream vertical integration of a company may pose a risk of increasing costs due to lower-powered incentives of in-house suppliers and their insulation from market competition.
The following are the risks involved with vertical integration:
Increasing costs because of the lower-powered incentives of the in-house suppliers, and the fact that they are insulated from the market competition. The result of this is that the suppliers may not be compelled to give their best because they feel that they have the backing of the company.
In conclusion, vertical integration may have some potential benefits, but it is important for firms to weigh the potential risks involved. This helps firms to make the right decision regarding vertical integration and its suitability for their operations.
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Not all of the 100 customers who walk into the C&A store per day will make a purchase. About 20% come to browse but not buy, 10% need assistance to complete a purchase, and 5% need assistance but leave without making a purchase. The other 65% purchase something without requiring assistance. C&A has one greeter (who greets every customer), two assistants (who deal with customers who need assistance), and two cashiers (who serve customers who purchase something). What is the total demand rate per day for cashiers? 100 75 65 25
According to the problem statement, 65% of the customers purchase something without requiring assistance. So, the number of customers who purchase something without assistance per day is 65% of 100 customers = (65/100) x 100 = 65 customers per day.
Then, 10% of the total customers need assistance to complete their purchase, so the number of customers needing assistance per day is (10/100) x 100 = 10 customers per day. Out of these 10 customers, some of them will make a purchase, and others will leave without buying anything. According to the problem statement, 5% of the customers who need assistance will leave without purchasing anything. So, the number of customers who need assistance and leave without purchasing anything is (5/100) x 10 = 0.5 customers. Hence, the number of customers who need assistance and make a purchase is 10 - 0.5 = 9.5 customers per day. Therefore, the total number of customers who purchase something per day is 65 + 9.5 = 74.5 customers per day.
As there are two cashiers to serve these customers, the total demand rate per day for cashiers is 74.5/2 = 37.25 customers per day. Hence, the correct option is 37.25. The answer is option C: 65.
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List 2 benefits of proceeding with a share price and 2 benefits
of proceeding of a share buy back
Benefits of Proceeding with a Share Price: Capital Raise: Proceeding with a share price allows a company to raise funds by issuing new shares to investors. This infusion of capital can be used for various purposes, such as funding expansion plans, investing in research and development, reducing debt, or improving liquidity
Increased Shareholder Base: Going through a share price offering can attract new investors to the company. By expanding the shareholder base, the company may benefit from a broader investor network, increased market visibility, and improved market liquidity. It can enhance the company's profile, potentially attracting institutional investors and increasing the overall demand for its shares.
Benefits of Proceeding with a Share Buyback:Enhanced Shareholder Value: Share buybacks can benefit existing shareholders by reducing the number of outstanding shares, thereby increasing the ownership percentage of each remaining shareholder. This can lead to an increase in earnings per share (EPS) and improve key financial ratios, making the company more attractive to investors
Flexibility in Capital Structure: Share buybacks provide a mechanism for companies to optimize their capital structure. By repurchasing shares, a company can adjust its capitalization, reducing equity and potentially increasing its debt-to-equity ratio.
Both share price offerings and share buybacks are strategic decisions that should be evaluated based on the company's financial position, market conditions, and shareholder objectives.
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Discuss build an End user profile with example in Entrepreneurship.
The person who purchases your goods is typically referred to as the end user. - Decision-Making Unit: The people who determine whether a consumer will purchase your goods, including: Champion: The one who wants the consumer to buy the product; frequently the end user.
To demonstrate how to create an end user profile, consider the following example:
Making an end user profile for a health and wellness app, for instance.
Demographics :Age: 25-40,the female gender Metropolitan areas
College degree obtained Psychographics:
Interests: mindfulness, exercise, and good eating
Goals: Continue living an active lifestyle, enhance general wellbeing, and control stress
Challenges: Lack of enthusiasm, insufficient time for exercise, and difficulties maintaining good habits over time Entrepreneurs may better understand their target market and create a health and wellness app that caters to their particular requirements by building an end user profile like the one shown above.
For instance, the app may provide individualized diet plans and exercise schedules depending on the user's fitness level and objectives.
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In Mordica Company, total materials costs are $33,000, and total conversion costs are $54,000 for June. Equivalent units of production are materials 10,000 and conversion cost 12,000 . Compute the unit costs for materials, conversion costs, and total manufacturing costs. Assign costs to units completed and transferred out and to work in process.
The unit cost for materials is $3.30 per unit, the unit cost for conversion costs is $4.50 per unit, and the total unit manufacturing cost is $7.80 per unit.
We have to calculate the unit costs for materials, conversion costs, and total manufacturing costs for Mordica Company in June.
The unit cost for materials = the total materials cost / equivalent units of production for materials
$33,000 / 10,000 units
= $3.30 per unit.
The unit cost for conversion costs = the total conversion cost / the equivalent units of production for conversion costs
= $54,000 / 12,000 units
= $4.50 per unit.
The total unit manufacturing cost = unit costs for materials + unit costs for conversion costs
= $3.30 + $4.50
= $7.80 per unit
Therefore, The total unit manufacturing cost is $7.80 per unit.
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The number of units completed and transferred out and the number of units in work in process were not provided in the question. These quantities are required to calculate the specific costs for each category.
To compute the unit costs for materials, conversion costs, and total manufacturing costs, and assign costs to units completed and transferred out and to work in process, follow these steps:
Calculate the unit cost for materials:
Unit Cost for Materials = Total Materials Costs / Equivalent Units of Production for Materials
Unit Cost for Materials = $33,000 / 10,000
Unit Cost for Materials = $3.30 per unit
Calculate the unit cost for conversion costs:
Unit Cost for Conversion Costs = Total Conversion Costs / Equivalent Units of Production for Conversion Costs
Unit Cost for Conversion Costs = $54,000 / 12,000
Unit Cost for Conversion Costs = $4.50 per unit
Calculate the total unit cost for manufacturing:
Total Unit Cost for Manufacturing = Unit Cost for Materials + Unit Cost for Conversion Costs
Total Unit Cost for Manufacturing = $3.30 + $4.50
Total Unit Cost for Manufacturing = $7.80 per unit
Assign costs to units completed and transferred out:
Multiply the number of units completed and transferred out by the total unit cost for manufacturing to determine the cost of these units.
Assign costs to work in process:
Multiply the number of units in work in process by the total unit cost for manufacturing to determine the cost of the work in process.
Thus, the number of units completed and transferred out and the number of units in work in process were not provided in the question. These quantities are required to calculate the specific costs for each category.
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As part of the structural decisions taken within the operations context, product and service design is a key element for organizations’ success. Today, many companies promote more creative, collaborative and value-added oriented design processes in order to better respond to customer needs. This approach is known as design thinking.
First, view the following video:
Brown, T. (2009). Designers—think big! TED. [Video File]. Retrieved from: http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_brown_urges_designers_to_think_big?language=en
Then: read the article:
Yen, S. (2014). How Design Thinking Drives Competitive Advantage. Forbes. Retrieved from: http://www.forbes.com/sites/sap/2014/08/11/how-design-thinking-drives-competitive-advantage/#7c1f8eaa7a53
Do you agree that simplicity is nowadays a key competitive advantage? Explain why or why not.
What other factors do you consider relevant for adding value to customers?
Share some experiences about technology products or services that have added value to you as a customer?
*please take your time to finish, I want it to be perfect, formal, very organized, at least 600 words, and please include all referacnes*
Product and service design is one of the vital components that organizations use to achieve success as part of the structural decisions taken within the operations context.
Both product and service design significantly influence the achievement of customer satisfaction, effectiveness in meeting business goals, and the organization's competitive advantage. Products and services design is also essential for organizations as they use them to build their identity in the market.
These decisions allow organizations to create an extensive range of designs that are suitable for different markets. When designing a product or service, it is important to consider factors such as the cost, function, quality, appearance, customer satisfaction, and safety, among others. These factors ensure that the product/service is of good quality and meets the needs of the customers.
Therefore, an organization must create a design that is unique to them and meets the market's needs while being different from their competitors designs. A well-designed product or service is likely to attract and retain customers, which leads to customer loyalty and increased sales.
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how do I find the total liability on a question in which I'm given the total assets, Owners capital, Drawings, revenues, and expenses?
Total liabilities can be calculated in two different ways. The first way is to subtract the owner’s equity from the total assets. The second way is to calculate the sum of all liabilities and owners’ equity.
Here is how you can calculate total liabilities if you have the total assets, owners capital, drawings, revenues, and expenses.
Total liabilities = Total assets - Owner's capital -
Drawings In this formula, you can replace the owner’s capital with the owner’s equity. It represents the same thing. Owner’s equity is the difference between the total assets and total liabilities.
So if you know the owner’s equity, you can calculate total liabilities using the following formula:
Total liabilities = Total assets - Owner's equity
For example, suppose the total assets are $100,000,
owner's capital is $20,000,
drawings are $5,000,
revenues are $80,000, and expenses are $50,000.
The total liabilities can be calculated as follows:
Owner's equity = Revenues - Expenses = $80,000 - $50,000 = $30,000
Drawings = $5,000
Total liabilities = Total assets - Owner's equity - Drawings= $100,000 - $30,000 - $5,000= $65,000
Therefore, the total liabilities of this company are $65,000.
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The objective of the general purpose of financial reporting is to provide financial information about the reporting entity that is useful to users: potential investors and creditors. Explain the 'relevant' characteristics of financial information needed by both users in deciding to provide resources to the entity. Support your answer with relevant examples.
The financial information must be relevant, accurate, complete, and understandable. It must also be comparable across different periods and companies.
What are the charecteristics?The following characteristics are relevant:
Relevance:
Financial information must be appropriate for the decision-making needs of users. The information should have a predictive or confirmatory value, as well as a feedback value. It should be forward-looking rather than just historical. For example, if an investor wants to know whether to invest in a particular company, financial data on that company's past profitability and potential future profits would be relevant. If a lender wants to know whether to lend to a company, financial information on its ability to pay interest and principal payments when due would be relevant.Timeliness: Financial information must be available in time to be useful. The information must be timely so that users can make informed decisions.
For example, if a stock analyst is researching a company's performance, the analyst may need the company's financial information before the end of the fiscal year.
Completeness: Financial information must be complete so that it does not mislead users. It should include all necessary information, such as all revenue, expenses, gains, and losses.
It should also include all necessary disclosures, such as contingent liabilities and related-party transactions.
Understandability: Financial information must be understandable to users who have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities.
Comparability: Financial information must be comparable to other companies in the same industry or to the same company over time.
This is critical to users who want to compare companies or make decisions based on trends.
For example, an investor may want to compare two companies in the same industry to decide which one to invest in.
Similarly, a lender may compare the current year's financial statements to previous years to assess the company's financial health.
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1. Western Digital had to integrate three companies into one information system. The three companies had __________ ERP systems; Western Digital decided to move all three companies to a (n) _______ ERP system.
A) on-premise; cloud computing
B) cloud computing: on-premise
C) On-premise; on-premise
D) Cloud computing cloud computing
2. ERP II systems are_________ systems
A) interorganizational
B) extraorganizational
C) exterorganizational
D) intraorganizational
3. The ________ process originates in the warehouse department and ends in the warehouse department
A) Fulfillment
B) Production
C) Marketing
D) Procurement
1. Correct answer is option A) on-premise; cloud computing. Western Digital had to integrate three companies into one information system. The three companies had separate ERP systems; Western Digital decided to move all three companies to a cloud computing ERP system.
2. Correct answer is option A) interorganizational. ERP II systems are interorganizational systems.
3. Correct answer is option A) Fulfillment. The Fulfillment process originates in the warehouse department and ends in the warehouse department.
1. Western Digital had to integrate three companies into one information system. The three companies had on-premise ERP systems; Western Digital decided to move all three companies to a cloud computing ERP system.
ERP systems are highly integrated information systems that are used to manage the business processes. In most cases, these systems help organizations to manage their entire value chain. When three companies merge, they all might have separate ERP systems. In such a case, it's important to integrate the information systems to ensure a seamless flow of information within the organizations.
In this case, Western Digital integrated three companies into one information system. The three companies had separate ERP systems, and they decided to move all three companies to a cloud computing ERP system.
2. ERP II systems are interorganizational systems.
ERP II systems are designed to connect an organization with its partners, suppliers, and customers. In this sense, the system is used to improve inter-organizational efficiency and effectiveness. ERP II systems are a new generation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. They are designed to be more flexible and customizable than previous ERP systems.
3. The Fulfillment process originates in the warehouse department and ends in the warehouse department.
The fulfillment process refers to the process of receiving and fulfilling customer orders. It involves the receipt of orders, picking the items from the warehouse, packing the items, and shipping them to the customers. This process usually begins in the warehouse department and ends in the same department. It's important to note that the fulfillment process involves various departments in the organization such as marketing, sales, and customer service.
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Describe two (2) ways the authors of the Blindspot argue that we can minimize or eliminate our automatic biases (mindbugs).
In their book "Blindspot", Mahzarin Banaji and Anthony Greenwald present the concept of "mindbugs" to describe the automatic, unconscious biases that we all have. These mindbugs can lead to negative attitudes, stereotyping, and discriminatory behavior towards people who are different from us. In order to minimize or eliminate our automatic biases, the authors suggest two ways: education and counter-stereotype training.
1. Education
Education can be a powerful tool in reducing automatic biases. Banaji and Greenwald argue that people can learn to recognize and overcome their biases through education. This includes learning about the different types of biases that exist, the ways in which they affect our thinking, and the harm that they can cause.
By educating ourselves about our biases, we can become more aware of when we are making assumptions or judgments based on stereotypes. This awareness can help us to pause and reflect on our automatic responses, and make a conscious effort to behave differently.
2. Counter-Stereotype Training
Counter-stereotype training is another approach that Banaji and Greenwald suggest can help to minimize automatic biases. This involves exposing people to positive examples of the groups that they hold negative attitudes towards. By doing so, people can challenge their automatic biases and begin to see members of those groups in a more positive light.
Overall, the authors argue that by being aware of our biases, educating ourselves about them, and challenging them through exposure to positive examples, we can minimize or eliminate our automatic biases. This can lead to more inclusive and equitable interactions with people from all walks of life.
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Soru 17 In presenting ideas, the account manager would want to be seen as being Yanıtınız: Smart Strategic Thoughtful All of the above Yanıtı temizle
The account manager would want to be seen as being smart, strategic, and thoughtful while presenting ideas. Therefore, the correct option is "All of the above."
In a business environment, the role of the account manager is to manage and build a relationship between clients and the company. They are responsible for ensuring customer satisfaction, resolving customer issues and complaints, and negotiating contracts and agreements. They work closely with various departments of the company, including sales, marketing, and finance, to provide clients with high-quality services. The account manager is also responsible for presenting ideas and proposals to clients. While presenting ideas, they would want to be seen as smart, strategic, and thoughtful. Being smart means having a good understanding of the client's needs and requirements. Being strategic means developing a plan to meet those needs and requirements effectively. Being thoughtful means considering the client's perspective and providing solutions that are practical, feasible, and cost-effective.
Therefore, to be successful in their role, the account manager needs to possess these qualities and be seen as being smart, strategic, and thoughtful by clients.
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mmission of Ohio). The case is identified as 20-585-EL-AIR. Using publicly available formation, describe the following: 1. What were the primary reasons for the request? 2. For a typical residential customer using 1000KWhr/month, what is the rate change? 3. What was the requested annual revenue requirement and what amount was approved? 4. In addition to the PUCO, there were several intervenors in the case. Name at least five that signed the settlement agreement. 5. A rider, limited to $153 Million from January 2021 to May 2024 , was established. What was the purpose of the rider? 6. Describe the new plug-in electric vehicle program. 7. A Distribution Investment Rider (DIR) was established to recover infrastructure investments. It has annual limits, describe them, including the performancebased reliability incentives. 8. What was the final authorized rate of return? 9. When were public hearings held? 10. When were AEP's distribution rates last revised? Please site the resources used for your answers.
1. The request was made by American Electric Power Ohio to the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO). The purpose of this application is to recover, through rates, distribution infrastructure investments made by the company over the past few years.
2. For a typical residential customer using 1000KWhr/month, what is the rate change?The rate change for a typical residential customer using 1000KWhr/month is $1.13 per month or 1.7%.
3. The requested annual revenue requirement was $168,204,743. However, the approved annual revenue requirement was $98,607,010.
4. In addition to the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio, there were several intervenors in the case. Name at least five that signed the settlement agreement.
The five intervenors who signed the settlement agreement were the Ohio Consumers' Counsel, Environmental Defense Fund, Natural Resources Defense Council, Sierra Club, and the City of Columbus.5. The purpose of the rider was to help AEP Ohio recover deferred and ongoing distribution infrastructure investments.
6. Describe the new plug-in electric vehicle program.The plug-in electric vehicle program was a new program established to encourage the deployment of electric vehicles and the buildout of charging infrastructure across the state.
The program offers rebates for the purchase of Level 2 EV chargers and grants for public EV charging infrastructure.7. A Distribution Investment Rider (DIR) was established to recover infrastructure investments. It has annual limits, describe them, including the performance-based reliability incentives.
The annual limits of the Distribution Investment Rider (DIR) are: $38.5 million in 2021, $50 million in 2022, and $60 million in 2023.The performance-based reliability incentives are intended to reward AEP Ohio for a meeting or exceeding certain reliability metrics, such as the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI).8. The final authorized rate of return was 5.92%.
9. Public hearings were held on August 24, 2020, and September 3, 2020.
10. AEP's distribution rates were last revised in 2016.Resources: The Ohio Power Siting Board, Docket 20-585-EL-AIR.
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Describe the politico-administrative environment of public personnel management
The politico-administrative environment of public personnel management is characterized by a complex network of actors and institutions that work together to manage human resources in the public sector.
Public Personnel Management
Public Personnel Management refers to the administration of human resources in the public sector. In public personnel management, the workforce of the government organization, its system of rules and procedures, and the programs and policies that are implemented to address staffing and workforce issues are all considered. Furthermore, it is concerned with the management of human capital within a particular politico-administrative environment.
A politico-administrative environment is a concept that relates to the intersection of politics and administration. It is where political goals are transformed into administrative actions that are then implemented by the bureaucracy. In a politico-administrative environment, there is a division of labor between politicians, who establish policy, and administrators, who are responsible for implementing that policy. Both of them have a shared objective, which is to serve the public's interests.
The politico-administrative environment of public personnel management has evolved over time, and today it is a complex and multifaceted system. There are various stakeholders involved in the administration of public personnel management. These include policymakers, public managers, unions, employees, and citizens. Furthermore, the politico-administrative environment of public personnel management is influenced by legal and institutional frameworks such as labor laws, administrative regulations, and ethical standards.
The success of public personnel management is dependent on its ability to balance competing demands and interests. The politico-administrative environment of public personnel management must strive to achieve the objectives of public service while also ensuring that the rights and interests of employees are protected. In summary, the politico-administrative environment of public personnel management is characterized by a complex network of actors and institutions that work together to manage human resources in the public sector.
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