The segment of copper wire with the highest resistance at room temperature is segment (2), which is 2.0 m in length and has a cross-sectional area of 1.0 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m².
What is the resistance?
The resistance of a conductor is given by the formula:
R = (ρL) / A
where R is the resistance, ρ is the resistivity of the material, L is the length of the conductor, and A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor.
Assuming that the resistivity of copper is constant, we can compare the resistance of the different segments of copper wire using the above formula.
We can calculate the resistance of each segment of copper wire as follows:
(1) R = (1.68 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] Ωm x 1.0 m) / (1.0 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m²) = 0.017 Ω
(2) R = (1.68 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] Ωm x 2.0 m) / (1.0 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m²) = 0.034 Ω
(3) R = (1.68 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] Ωm x 1.0 m) / (3.0 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m²) = 0.0056 Ω
(4) R = (1.68 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] Ωm x 2.0 m) / (3.0 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m²) = 0.0112 Ω
Therefore, the segment of copper wire with the highest resistance at room temperature is segment (2), which is 2.0 m in length and has a cross-sectional area of 1.0 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m².
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Complete question is: The segment of copper wire with the highest resistance at room temperature is segment (2), which is 2.0 m in length and has a cross-sectional area of 1.0 x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m².
A load of 100g placed on a spiral spring, A extends it spring by 2cm when the same load is placed on spiral spring, B it extends it by 5cm, which spring has smaller stiffness
Spring A has smaller stiffness.Stiffness is a measure of the spring's resistance to deformation. The stiffer the spring, the more resistant it is to deformation. When a load is applied to a spring, it experiences deformation. Stiffness is a measure of how much force is required to deform the spring by a certain amount.
Springs with higher stiffness require more force to deform them than springs with lower stiffness.A load of 100g placed on a spiral spring, A extends its spring by 2cm, whereas the same load placed on spiral spring, B extends it by 5cm. The stiffness of a spring is inversely proportional to the amount of deformation it experiences. Spring B will be less stiff because it experiences more deformation than Spring A.Spring stiffness is measured in units of force per unit of length. The spring constant k is a measure of stiffness. It is defined as the amount of force required to extend the spring by one unit of length.The spring constant k can be calculated as follows:F = kxWhere F is the force applied, k is the spring constant, and x is the amount of deformation experienced by the spring. We can use this formula to calculate the spring constants for A and B:kA = F/x = 100g/(2/100) = 5000 N/mkB = F/x = 100g/(5/100) = 2000 N/mSpring A has a higher stiffness (5000 N/m) than spring B (2000 N/m) because it requires more force to deform it by the same amount. Hence, spring A has smaller stiffness.
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a photon in the rest frame of a star has a wavelength of 780 nm. an observer on earth measures it to be at a wavelength of 768 nm. the star is then:
The star is moving away from the observer. An observer on the Earth measured the wavelength of a photon as 768 nm, while the photon's rest wavelength was 780 nm.
What is the Doppler effect?
According to the Doppler effect, if the wavelength of the wave is measured at different positions, it will shift. In this situation, the observer on the Earth is seeing a shift in the photon's wavelength due to the motion of the star.
To be more specific, when the star moves away from the observer, the observer observes an increase in the wavelength. Therefore, the star is moving away from the observer.
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some materials feel colder than others because...
Well, materials may feel colder than others because they could:
Be stored in cold temperaturesUndergroundNext to the oceanIn the oceanSo those are why they may feel colder
But . . .
Some items could be hotter becuase:
Near hot source ( volcano )Gas pockets ( that realese hot “ temperatures “Those are my reasons why they can either be colder or hotter
If a model showed every object in the solar system, the model would be hard to understand. Scientists often choose to show certain characteristics in a model and leave out others. A characteristic that is left out is called a limitation of the model. Look again at the model where the size of the Sun compared to Earth and the Moon is accurately represented. Then, answer the question below. Which of the following are limitations of this model? Select all that apply.
Answer: There are actually multiple limitations.
Explanation:
Some limitations of this model could be:
The distances between the objects are not accurately represented.
The model does not show the orbits of the planets around the Sun.
The model does not show the relative distances between the planets.
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a wrench is used to tighten a nut. a 15n perpendicular force is applied 50cm away from the axis of rotation, and moves a distance of 10 cm as it turns. what is the torque applied to the wrench?
The torque applied to the wrench can be calculated using the formula:
torque = force x distance
where force is the perpendicular force applied, and distance is the distance from the axis of rotation at which the force is applied.
So, torque = 15 N x 0.5 m = 7.5 Nm
However, since the force moves a distance of 10 cm as it turns, the work done is:
work = force x distance moved = 15 N x 0.1 m = 1.5 J
This means that some of the energy applied by the force is lost to friction or other factors, and not all of it is converted into torque.
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you are standing on a frictionless surface. you throw a heavy rock forward. will you accelerate, and if so, in which direction?
Yes, you will accelerate when you throw a heavy rock forward while standing on a frictionless surface. You will accelerate in the opposite direction to the rock.
The laws of motion developed by Sir Isaac Newton illustrate that an object in motion stays in motion unless an external force acts on it. So, when you toss a heavy rock forward on a frictionless surface, the rock will continue moving in the forward direction until something stops it.
The force that pushes the rock forward is equivalent in magnitude to the force that pushes you backward. Thus, the rock's mass is higher than yours; it will travel further than you, and you will accelerate in the opposite direction to the rock.
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while a car travels around a circular track at a constant speed, its a) acceleration is non-zero and along the path b) acceleration is non zero and inward toward the center c) acceleration is zero d) acceleration is non-zero and outward from the center
While a car travels around a circular track at a constant speed, its (d) acceleration is non-zero and outward from the center.
When a car travels around a circular track at a constant speed, it is constantly changing direction, and therefore, constantly accelerating. This acceleration is known as centripetal acceleration and is directed towards the center of the circle.
However, according to Newton's third law, every action has an equal and opposite reaction. In this case, the car also experiences an equal and opposite acceleration, known as the centrifugal acceleration, which is directed outward from the center of the circle.
This is the non-zero acceleration experienced by the car, and it acts to counterbalance the centripetal acceleration, keeping the car moving in a circular path.
Therefore, the correct answer is (d) acceleration is non-zero and outward from the center.
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a diffraction grating has 2,210 lines per centimeter. at what angle in degrees will the first-order maximum be for 500 nm wavelength green light?
A diffraction grating has 2,210 lines per centimeter, the angle of the first-order maximum is for 500 nm wavelength green light is: 11.27 degrees
The first-order maximum for 500 nm wavelength green light will occur at an angle of approximately 10.4° when using a diffraction grating with 2,210 lines per centimeter. Diffraction occurs when waves, such as light waves, encounter an obstruction or apertures, and their wave-like behavior is revealed.
The angle of diffraction is related to the wavelength of light and the separation between the lines of the diffraction grating. The angle of the first-order maximum for 500nm wavelength green light at a diffraction grating with 2,210 lines per centimeter can be determined using the equation:
[tex]θ = sin-1(λ/d)[/tex]
where θ is the angle of the first-order maximum, λ is the wavelength of the light, and d is the spacing between the lines of the diffraction grating.
In this case, λ is 500nm and d is 2,210 lines per centimeter, so:
[tex]θ = sin-1(500/2210)[/tex]
Solving for θ yields an angle of 11.27 degrees.
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a block is tied to a post with a cable and rotating with a constant velocity, on a horizontal smooth surface. what is the direction of its acceleration?
When a block is tied to a post with a cable and rotating with a constant velocity, on a horizontal smooth surface, the direction of its acceleration is towards the center of rotation.
Acceleration is a vector quantity that represents a change in velocity in terms of magnitude and direction. When an object changes direction, it is accelerating, and its direction of acceleration is perpendicular to its direction of motion. When an object rotates with a constant velocity, its speed remains constant, but its direction changes continuously. As a result, it is continuously accelerating towards the center of rotation, as in the case of a block tied to a post with a cable rotating on a horizontal smooth surface.
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how much work do you have to do, in electron volts (ev), to move an electron from infinitely far away to the origin?
To move an electron from infinitely far away to the origin, the amount of work done in electron volts is -13.6 eV.
When an electron is at infinity from the origin, its potential energy is zero. At the origin, the potential energy of the electron is -13.6 eV. This means that if an electron is brought from infinity to the origin, the electron gains -13.6 eV of potential energy.
The amount of work done to move the electron can be calculated by using the formula: W = ΔPE where W is the work done, and ΔPE is the change in potential energy of the electron.
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1. a 0.42-kg object with an initial velocity of 3.40 m/s in the positive x-direction is acted on by a force in the direction of motion. the force does 6.50 j of work. what is the final velocity of the object?(neglect friction)
The final velocity of the object is 8.96 m/s. The result is obtained by using the formula for work which equal to change in kinetical energy.
The force acting on the object is doing work on the object, which is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the object. We can use the following formula to solve for the final velocity.
Change in Kinetic Energy = Work
½m (v₁ - v₀)² = W
We have
m = 0.42 kgv₀ = 3.4 m/sW = 6.5 JFind the final velocity! (v₁ = ?)
Using the equation above, we can solve for the final velocity.
½(0.42) (v₁ - 3.4)² = 6.5
(v₁ - 3.4)² = 30.95
v₁ - 3.4 = √30.95
v₁ = 5.56 + 3.4
v₁ = 8.96
Hence, the final velocity of the object is 8.96 m/s.
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how does radio waves change with respect to their position to the event horizon
Radio waves, like all forms of electromagnetic radiation, are affected by the gravitational field of massive objects such as black holes, which have an event horizon beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape.
What is radio waves?Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than infrared light and shorter than microwaves. Radio waves are used for communication and information transfer, and are commonly used in radio and television broadcasting, cellular communication, and satellite communication.
As radio waves approach a black hole, they are subject to gravitational redshift, a phenomenon whereby the wavelength of the wave is stretched out and its frequency decreases as it moves away from the black hole's gravitational field.
This means that the closer the radio waves get to the event horizon, the more they are redshifted, and the longer their wavelengths become.
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william herschel tried to locate the center of our galaxy by counting the number of stars in different directions. this did not work because
William Herschel's approach failed due to the fact that some parts of the Milky Way galaxy are denser than others.
This means that the number of stars would be greater in these regions, making it difficult to determine the galaxy's center simply by counting the number of stars in different directions. Herschel's pioneering work, including his discovery of Uranus and his cataloging of hundreds of nebulae, helped pave the way for future astronomers to explore and understand the universe. However, his method for locating the center of the Milky Way was limited by the technology of his time.
In modern times, astronomers have employed a range of techniques to study the galaxy, including measuring the positions and motions of stars, observing the behavior of gas and dust clouds, and using radio and other wavelengths of light to observe the galaxy's structure and composition.
Despite these advances, the center of the Milky Way remains difficult to observe directly due to the presence of dense dust and gas clouds, which block visible light. Nonetheless, astronomers have been able to estimate the location and size of the galaxy's central region through careful analysis of the behavior of stars and other objects orbiting around its center.
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the electrostatic engines obtaining the highest degree of conversion of electric power into thrust and having the longest operational lifetime, are also called:
The electrostatic engines obtaining the highest degree of conversion of electric power into thrust and having the longest operational lifetime are also called electrospray thrusters.
Electrospray thrusters are a type of ion thruster that uses electrostatic forces to generate thrust, making them highly efficient and fuel-saving propulsion systems.
Electrospray thrusters use an electrical charge to atomize a propellant and accelerate it in a way that produces thrust. The electrical charge is created by an electrical field that ionizes the propellant and accelerates it out of the engine, resulting in high specific impulse and a long operational lifetime. The propellant is typically a liquid such as xenon, krypton, or argon.
As the propellant is atomized and accelerated, the electrostatic force pushes the ions away from the engine, creating thrust. This type of thruster is typically used in low-power and medium-power applications, such as CubeSats, nanosatellites, and interplanetary missions.
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Patients with anterograde amnesia were taught to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem. It was later found that they _________.a. remembered solving the problem and could do so againb. didn't remember the problem and couldn't solve itc. remembered solving the problem but couldn't do it againd. didn't remember solving the problem but could do it again
Patients with anterograde amnesia were taught to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem. It was later found that they "didn't remember solving the problem but could do it again" which is option d.
Anterograde amnesia is a type of amnesia that affects the ability to generate new memories following the onset of the condition. This condition is generally caused by damage to the hippocampus or adjacent structures, and it typically affects a person's ability to learn and remember new information.
Therefore, patients with anterograde amnesia are unable to form new memories and often rely on implicit memory systems to perform specific tasks over time.
Thus the correct answer is option d.
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two guys who weight the same are holding onto a massless pole while standing on horizontal frictionless ice. 1)if the guy on the left starts to pull on the pole, where do they meet?
If the guy on the left starts to pull on the pole, they will meet in the middle since the pole is massless and the surface is frictionless.
If the two guys are holding onto a massless pole and standing on horizontal frictionless ice, then there is no net external force acting on the system, and the center of mass of the system will remain stationary. When the guy on the left starts to pull on the pole, he exerts a force on the pole to the left. According to Newton's third law, the pole exerts an equal and opposite force on the guy to the right, causing him to move to the right.
The position where they will meet depends on the magnitudes of the forces that the guy on the left exerts on the pole and the distance between the two guys. If we assume that the guys initially hold the pole at its center of mass, then we can use the principle of conservation of momentum to determine where they will meet.
Since the center of mass remains stationary, the initial momentum of the system is zero. After the guy on the left starts pulling, the system gains a net momentum to the left equal to the force that he exerts on the pole multiplied by the time that he pulls. In order to conserve momentum, the guy on the right must move an equal distance to the right.
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suppose i drop a football from a tall building, and 4 seconds elapse before it hits the ground. neglecting air resistance, roughly how fast is the football moving upon impact?
The football is moving at approximately 59 meters/second (212.3 kilometers/hour) upon impact, neglecting air resistance.
The football is moving at approximately 59 meters/second (212.3 kilometers/hour) upon impact, neglecting air resistance. This can be calculated using the equation s=1/2at^2, where 's' is the displacement, 'a' is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s^2), and 't' is the time of the fall (4 seconds). Therefore, the displacement is s=1/2(9.8m/s^2)(4s)^2, which simplifies to s=78.4m.
Since the displacement is known (78.4m), the velocity can be determined using the equation v^2=u^2+2as, where 'v' is the velocity upon impact, 'u' is the initial velocity (0m/s), and 'a' is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s^2). Therefore, the velocity is v=sqrt(2as), which simplifies to v=sqrt(2(9.8m/s^2)(78.4m)), which simplifies to v=59m/s.
This is the speed of the football upon impact, neglecting air resistance. This assumes that the football is dropped from rest, and experiences a uniform acceleration throughout the fall, which is due to gravity. The acceleration due to gravity is a constant 9.8m/s^2, regardless of the speed of the falling object.
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on an asteroid that is twice as far as earth is from the sun, the strength of sunlight would be group of answer choices twice as great as on earth half as great as on earth a quarter as great as on earth the same as on earth
On an asteroid that is twice as far as Earth is from the sun, the strength of sunlight would be c. a quarter as great as on Earth.
Sunlight or solar radiation is the main source of energy that drives climate and weather patterns on Earth. The amount of solar radiation reaching Earth varies depending on the distance of the Earth from the Sun.
An asteroid is a small rocky body orbiting the sun. It is too small to be called a planet, and is instead classified as a minor planet, which is a term used for any astronomical object that is neither a planet nor a comet. They are primarily composed of materials that formed the solar nebula, a disk-shaped cloud of gas and dust left over after the formation of the solar system.Therefore, the strength of sunlight on an asteroid that is twice as far as Earth is from the sun would be a quarter as great as on Earth.
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The trachea is found ______ to the esophagus; connects the larynx to primary bronchi; inferiorly the trachea divides into right and left ______ ______.
The trachea is found anterior to the esophagus; connects the larynx to primary bronchi; inferiorly the trachea divides into right and left main bronchi.
The trachea is around 10-12 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, and it is made up of cartilage rings that support the tube and keep it from collapsing during inhalation. Lining the trachea is ciliated mucosa, which captures and eliminates foreign particles and mucus from the respiratory system. Mucus is also secreted by the mucosa to assist moisten and warm the inspired air. The trachea splits inferiorly into right and left primary bronchi, which divide further into secondary and tertiary bronchi, finally delivering air to the lungs. The trachea is a tube.
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what is the voltage across the 5 ohm resistor when the switch has been in position a for a long time?
The voltage is V = I × R = 5 ohms.
The voltage across a 5 ohm resistor when the switch has been in position a for a long time is determined by Ohm’s Law.
This law states that the voltage (V) across a resistor is equal to the current (I) through it multiplied by the resistance (R). Therefore, the voltage across the 5 ohm resistor is V = I × R = 5 ohms.
This voltage can also be found by considering the flow of electrons. In a circuit with a battery and a switch, electrons flow from the positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal.
When the switch is in position a, the 5 ohm resistor is in the path of the electrons and acts as a barrier.
This resistance causes the electrons to slow down and the voltage across the resistor is determined by the amount of this resistance.
The voltage across the 5 ohm resistor when the switch has been in position a for a long time is determined by Ohm’s Law and the amount of resistance the resistor provides. The voltage is V = I × R = 5 ohms.
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assuming that the magnetic field is uniform between the pole faces and negligible elsewhere, write an expression for the induced emf in the coil.
The induced EMF (electromotive force) in a coil can be calculated using Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction:
EMF = -N(dΦ/dt)
What is the induced emf?In a uniform magnetic field, the flux through the coil can be calculated as:
Φ = BAcos(θ)
where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field, A is the area of the coil, and θ is the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the coil.
Assuming that the coil is moving perpendicular to the magnetic field (θ = 0), the rate of change of flux is:
dΦ/dt = BA(d/dt)(cos(0))
= 0
Therefore, the induced EMF in the coil is zero.
However, if the coil is moving at an angle to the magnetic field, or if the magnetic field is changing in time, then the induced EMF will not be zero and can be calculated using the above equations.
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A lamp in child's Halloween costume flashes based on an RC discharge of a capacitor through its resistance. The effective duration of the flash is 0.250 s, during which it produces an average 0.500 W from an average 3.00 V. A) What energy does it dissipate? B) How much charge moves through the lamp? C) Find capacitance. D) What is the resistance of the lamp?
A) the energy dissipated is 0.125 Joules. B) the charge that moves through the lamp is 0.0278 Coulombs. C) the capacitance is 0.0278 Farads. D) the resistance of the lamp is approximately 8.99 Ohms.
A) To find the energy dissipated, use the formula:
Energy = Power × Time
where Power = 0.500 W and Time = 0.250 s.
Energy = 0.500 W × 0.250 s = 0.125 J
So, the energy dissipated is 0.125 Joules.
B) To find the charge that moves through the lamp, use the formula:
Energy = (1/2) × Charge × Voltage^2
Rearrange the formula to solve for Charge:
Charge = (2 × Energy) / Voltage^2
Charge = (2 × 0.125 J) / (3.00 V)^2 = 0.0278 C
So, the charge that moves through the lamp is 0.0278 Coulombs.
C) To find the capacitance, use the formula:
Energy = (1/2) × Capacitance × Voltage^2
Rearrange the formula to solve for Capacitance:
Capacitance = (2 × Energy) / Voltage^2
Capacitance = (2 × 0.125 J) / (3.00 V)^2 = 0.0278 F
So, the capacitance is 0.0278 Farads.
D) To find the resistance of the lamp, use the RC time constant formula:
Time constant (τ) = Resistance × Capacitance
Since the effective duration of the flash is 0.250 s, we can assume it is approximately equal to the time constant (τ).
Rearrange the formula to solve for Resistance:
Resistance = Time constant / Capacitance
Resistance = 0.250 s / 0.0278 F = 8.99 Ω
So, the resistance of the lamp is approximately 8.99 Ohms.
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Two crates are dropped from the same height in a vacuum. The mass and force of the crates are shown in the diagram. Which of the following statements is supported by the data?
The momentum of both crates will be the same right before they hit the ground.
The normal force will be the same on both crates when they hit the ground.
Both of the crates are accelerating at the same rate.
Both of the crates are falling at a constant speed.
The statement that is supported by the data is that both of the crates are accelerating at the same rate. That is option C.
What is acceleration?Acceleration is defined as the quantity that measures the rate of change of velocity of a moving object.
According to Newton's second law, the force (F) acting on an object is equal to the mass (m) of object times its acceleration (a).
That is F = ma
For the first crate = a = 686/70 = 9.8 m/s²
Fro the second crate = 490/50 = 9.8 m/s²
Therefore, Both of the crates are accelerating at the same rate.
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you throw a 0.80kg snowball at 7.0m/s straight down off a 5.0m tall bridge
The kinetic energy of the snowball just before it hits the ground is 19.6 joules.
How to calculate the kinetic energy?To determine the kinetic energy of the snowball just before it hits the ground, we can use the formula for kinetic energy:
KE = 1/2 m v²
where KE is the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the snowball, and v is the velocity of the snowball just before it hits the ground.
In this case, we know that the mass of the snowball is 0.80 kg and the velocity just before it hits the ground is equal to the initial velocity with which it was thrown (7.0 m/s) since air resistance is assumed to be negligible. Therefore, we can substitute these values into the formula:
KE = 1/2 * 0.80 kg * (7.0 m/s)²
KE = 19.6 J
Therefore, the kinetic energy of the snowball just before it hits the ground is 19.6 joules.
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Correct question is:
You throw a 0.80kg snowball at 7.0m/s straight down off a 5.0m tall bridge then what is the kinetic energy of the snowball just before it hits the ground?
explain why adding charge to a bee causes hairs on the bee's body to bend more in response to a field.
Insects use their hair-like mechanoreceptors to detect electrical fields around them. This electrical charge causes the hairs to move and bend towards the source of the field.
Explanation:
Bee hair is also sensitive to static electricity. As bees collect pollen, they become negatively charged, causing the pollen to become positively charged. This charge difference makes it easier for pollen to stick to the bees' hairy bodies and legs.
Therefore, when a bee is charged with static electricity, it becomes easier for its hairs to detect the electrical fields around it. As a result, the hairs on the bee's body will bend more in response to the electrical field.
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which of the following is not an example of mechanical action? group of answer choices electrically charged beaters of the bells on the clavecin electrique digital sampling machines levers and hammers inside an acoustic piano rotors (tonewheels) of a telharmonium
Digital sampling machines are not an example of mechanical action.
What is mechanical action?
Mechanical action refers to the physical movement of mechanical components to produce a sound or perform a specific function. This can include a wide range of actions, such as the striking of hammers on strings in a piano, the rotation of tonewheels in a Hammond organ, or the movement of valves in a trumpet.
Mechanical action can also be found in other types of machinery and equipment, and tools such as engines, gears, and levers, where physical movement is used to perform a specific task or function.
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what is the general process by which a large diffuse cloud of gas turns into a star and surrounding planets?
The general process by which a large diffuse cloud of gas turns into a star and surrounding planets are known as: star formation.
The Star Formation process starts with a giant molecular cloud of gas and dust, where the gravitational forces act on the cloud and it collapses under its own gravity. This collapse results in a disc-like structure, which is also known as a protoplanetary disc, and has the potential to form planets.
The center of the disc gets hotter and denser, and eventually, nuclear fusion begins, resulting in the formation of a star. The protoplanetary disc contains a lot of dust and gas, and as the temperature increases, some of the minerals and elements present in the dust start to melt and then solidify, eventually forming small planetesimals, which aggregate to form the larger planets.
As the planets move around in the disc, they can migrate inward and outward, and some can collide and merge with others, thus forming even larger planets.
The remaining gas and dust in the disc are eventually swept up by the planets or blown away by the star's radiation, and the planets settle into stable orbits. This is the general process by which a large diffuse cloud of gas turns into a star and surrounding planets.
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the photo at right was taken through a specroscope. what color was the pigment extract used to produce this spectrum? what colo(s) did this extract absorb?
Light is a form of energy. All the properties of light can be explained by Considering the Wave length and lespuscutar theory.
The Wave Theory states that waves are how light moves across space. When Visible light is passed through a prim it is split up into seven colours which corresponds to definite wave length. a phenomenon Called dispersion. The study of interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation is defined as spectroscopy.
A spectrophotometer is a device which detect the percentage transmittance of light radiation. When light of certain intensity and frequency range is passed through the Sample Thus the instrument Compare the intensity of the transmitted light with that of the incident light.
A spectroscope is a device that divides light into its individual wavelengths to produce a spectrum.
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describe an experiment you could perform to determine if the mass of a cart has any effect on the amount of energy needed to overcome friction
Answer:
You can perform an experiment to determine if the mass of a cart has any effect on the amount of energy needed to overcome friction. To do this, you will need a cart, something to put on the cart to increase its mass, a surface with a known coefficient of friction, a ruler or measuring tape, and a scale.
First, measure the distance the cart needs to travel over the surface. Then, measure the mass of the cart without any additional weight. Place the cart at the starting point of the measured distance and release it, timing how long it takes to travel the measured distance. Record this time and repeat this step three times.
Next, add a known mass to the cart and repeat the experiment, measuring how long it takes for the cart to travel the measured distance. Record this time and repeat this step three times. Finally, compare the times for the cart with and without the additional weight and note any differences.
This experiment can be used to determine if the mass of a cart has any effect on the amount of energy needed to overcome friction.
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To be able to calculate the energy of a charged capacitorand to understand the concept of energy associated withan electric field.The energy of a charged capacitor is given byU= QV/2, where Q is the charge of the capacitor andV is the potential difference across the capacitor. Theenergy of a charged capacitor can be described as theenergy associated with the electric field created insidethe capacitor.In this problem, you will derive two more formulas for theenergy of a charged capacitor; you will then use aparallel-plate capacitor as a vehicle for obtaining theformula for the energy density associated with an electricfield. It will be useful to recall the definition ofcapacitance, C = Q/V, and the formula for thecapacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor,Co A/d, where A is the area of each of the platesand d is the plate separation. As usual, eo is thepermittivity of free space.
The energy of a charged capacitor can also be written as [tex]U = \frac {CV^2}{2}[/tex] and [tex]U = \frac {Q^2d}{2\epsilon_o A}[/tex].
To derive two more formulas for the energy of a charged capacitor, we start with the definition of capacitance:
C = Q/V
Solving for Q, we get:
Q = CV
Substituting this expression for Q into the original formula for the energy of a charged capacitor, [tex]U = QV/2[/tex], we get:
[tex]U = (CV)V/2[/tex]
[tex]U = CV^2/2[/tex]
This is one of the additional formulas for the energy of a charged capacitor.
Next, we can use the formula for the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor to derive the energy density associated with an electric field. The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is given by:
[tex]C = \epsilon _o A/d[/tex]
where εo is the permittivity of free space, A is the area of each plate, and d is the distance between the plates. Solving this equation for the potential difference, V, we get:
[tex]V = Q/C[/tex]
[tex]V = Q/(\epsilon_o A/d)[/tex]
[tex]V = Qd/(\epsilon_o A)[/tex]
Substituting this expression for V into the formula for the energy of a charged capacitor, [tex]U = QV/2[/tex], we get:
[tex]U = \frac {Q^2d}{2\epsilon_o A}[/tex]
This expression gives us the energy associated with the electric field in the capacitor.
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