what is the difference between sigma and pi bonds
In chemistry, a sigma bond (σ bond) is a chemical bond formed by the overlap of two atomic orbitals. On the other hand, a pi bond (π bond) is a chemical bond formed by the overlap of two p orbitals.
Sigma bonds are the strongest type of covalent bond, with a bond strength of about 280-350 kJ/mol. They are also the shortest bond, with an average length of about 0.15 nanometers (nm).
Sigma bonds are characterized by their short bond length and high bond energy. They are also directional, meaning that they are stronger in certain orientations than in others.
Pi bonds are weaker than sigma bonds, with a bond strength of about 70-100 kJ/mol. They are also longer than sigma bonds, with an average length of about 0.2nm.
Pi bonds are characterized by their longer bond length and lower bond energy compared to sigma bonds. They are also less directional than sigma bonds, meaning that they are relatively equally strong in all orientations.
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Covalent bonds has two types which are a sigma bond is a chemical bond formed by the overlap of two atomic orbitals and a pi bond (π bond) is a chemical bond formed by the overlap of two p orbitals.
What is a covalent bond?Covalent bond is defined as a type of bond which is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between the two atoms.These electron pairs are called as bonding pairs or shared pair of electrons.
Due to the sharing of valence electrons , the atoms are able to achieve a stable electronic configuration . Covalent bonding involves many types of interactions like σ bonding,π bonding ,metal-to-metal bonding ,etc.
Sigma bonds are the strongest covalent bonds while the pi bonds are weaker covalent bonds .Covalent bonds are affected by electronegativities of the atoms present in the molecules.Compounds having covalent bonds have lower melting points as compared to those with ionic bonds.
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HELPPPPP PLZZZ ASAPPPPPPPP
When nitroglycerin (C3H50N309) is detonated, the carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen
and nitrogen separate and heat is released. What type of energy is stored in the bonds?
a. Chemical potential energy
b. Thermal potential energy
c. Chemical kinetic energy
d. Thermal kinetic energy
Answer:
d thermal kinetic energy
When nitroglycerin (C3H50N309) is detonated, the carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen and nitrogen. The type of energy is thermal kinetic energy.
What is Thermal kinetic energy?Thermal energy is the total of potential energy and kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy used in doing a work.
Thermal energy is the form of heat, it can be both potential and kinetic. In the reaction, the heat is releasing, so it's a thermal kinetic energy.
Thus, the correct option is d. Thermal kinetic energy.
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write the reaction equation for the reversible chemical reaction that occurs when the indicator bromcresol
Reactions that are reversible have the ability to move both forward and backward. Reactants change into products in a reversible reaction, but products can also change back into reactants.
In actuality, the opposing reaction as well as the forward reaction will occur simultaneously. In some chemical reactions, the reaction's products might combine to form the reactants' original form. Reversible reactions are what they are referred to as. To illustrate them, use the formula: A + B C + D. Only in one direction can irreversible chemical reactions take place. Reactants can transform into products, while products cannot transform back into reactants. Chemical reactions that can be reversed can happen both ways. The products can change back into the reactants, and the reactants can change back into the products.
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9.0 mol al reacts with 6.0 mol O2 to form Al2O3. According to the reaction below: 4Al+3O2=2Al2O3. How many moles of Al2O3 form from 6.0 mol al?
The number of moles of the aluminum oxide that is produced is 4.5 moles.
What is the stoichiometry?We have to look at the stoichiometry of the reaction. In this case, we can see that there is a combination between the aluminum and the oxygen and then we have a product as have been shown in the equation that we have in the question.
From the equation, we know that;
4 moles of oxygen produces 2 moles of aluminum oxide
9 moles of oxygen produces x moles of aluminum oxide
x = 9 * 2/4
x = 4.5 moles
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Answer: its actually 4
Explanation:
Two students are comparing scientific experiments to investigations. They came up with the following ideas.
Student A: Testing plant growth in different types of soils
Student B: Comparing the water level in a lake during different times of the year
One student gave an example of an investigation and the other gave an example of an experiment. Which student gave an example of a scientific investigation?
(5 points)
Student A because it requires a hypothesis
Student B because it requires a hypothesis
Student A because it can be done in natural settings od
Student B because it can be done in natural settings
Answer:
Student B because it can be done in natural settings
Explanation:
What best describes the enthalpy of formation of a substance?
A. The energy needed to cause the substance to change phases
B. The energy change that happens when a substance forms from its
elements
C. The energy absorbed or released in a chemical reaction
D. The total thermal energy of all the molecules in the substance
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!The answer is D!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
What best describe the enthalpy of formation is that it is the energy change that happens when a substance forms from its elements
Option b
This goes to say that it is the heat change which occurred when one mole of substance is formed from its constituent elements.
What is enthalpy?Enthalpy can be defined as the sum total of the internal energy and the product of the pressure and volume of a system
So therefore, the entalphy of formation is
the energy change that happens when a substance forms from its
elements
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Answer:
The answer is B, The energy change that happens when a substance forms from its elements
Explanation:
Which term describes this reactions?
addition
condensation
elimination
substitution
Answer: condensation
Explanation: This is because a condensation reaction involves the loss of one or more water molecule
A terminology which can be used to describe the above chemical reactions is condensation.
What is condensation?Condensation can be defined as a type of chemical reaction in which the combining chemical elements or compounds (reactants) losses one or more water molecule.
Based on the reaction shown above, we can deduce that the reacting chemical compounds (reactants) lost one water molecule.
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There are two different isotopes of bromine atoms. Under normal conditions, elemental bromine consists of Br2 molecules, and the mass of a Br2 molecule is the sum of the masses of the two atoms in the molecule. The mass spectrum of Br2 consists of three peaks:
Mass (amu) Relative Size
157. 836 0. 2569
159. 834 0. 4999
161. 832 0. 2431
(a) What is the origin of each peak (of what isotopes does each consist)?
(b) What is the mass of each isotope?
(c) Determine the average molecular mass of a Br2 molecule.
(d) Determine the average atomic mass of a bromine atom.
(e) Calculate the abundances of the two isotopes
There are two isotopes of bromine atom⁷⁹Br, ⁸¹Br.
a) Each peak originates from a different isotope of bromine. Each peak is composed of a different isotope of bromine. The mass of each isotope is the sum of the masses of the two atoms in the molecule. The average molecular weight of Br_ molecules is 36.184 g/mol.
b) The isotope of bromine has an atomic weight of 78.92 amu and a relative abundance of 50.69. The other major isotope of bromine has an atomic mass of 80.92 amu and a relative abundance of 49.31.
c) The average molecular mass of a [tex]Br_{2}[/tex] = 159.8066274.
d) The average atomic mass of Bromine is found to be. 9 u or 79.9 g mol⁻¹.
e) Bromine has two stable isotopes, ⁷⁹Br and ⁸¹Br, having relative mass abundances of 50.686% and 49.314%
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The empirical formula for the compound having the formula H₂C₂O4 is
C₂O₂H₂
COH
COH ₂
CO₂H
C₂H₂
Answer:
CO₂H
Explanation:
The empirical formula gives the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
The ratio of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen in H₂C₂O₄ is:
H : C : O
2 : 2 : 4
They have a common factor of 2, so we can divide the atoms of each element by 2:
H : C : O
1 : 1 : 2
This gives us HCO₂ or CO₂H
a word used to describe if one substance can be dissolved in another
1. aqueous
2. solvent
3. solution
4. concentration
5. solute
6. soluble
7. cohesion
8. solvation
9. polarity
10. dilution
11. adhesion
12. solubility
Answer:
Soluble
Salt is soulble is water
Explanation:
Solubility although similar just means how easily it will disolve somthing that isnt soluble in one thing still has solubility
10. A body is found at 2:00 pm on New Year's Eve. The temperature of the liver registers 75. 5° F. What is the approximate TOD of the victim?
The estimated time of death is approximately 10:30 pm the night before.
Estimating the time of death (TOD) can be a complex process, and the methods used will depend on the specific circumstances of the case. Some of the factors that may be taken into consideration include:
The stage of decomposition of the body: As a body decomposes, it will go through several distinct stages, each of which can provide information about the TOD.The temperature of the body: As a body cools after death, the temperature will drop at a predictable rate. By measuring the temperature of the body at different points in time, it may be possible to estimate the TOD.The body's position: The position of the body can provide clues about the time that has passed since death. For example, if a body is found lying on its back, it may indicate that it has been dead for a longer period of time than if it is found on its stomach.The presence of insects or animals: Certain insects and animals are attracted to dead bodies at different stages of decomposition. By examining the presence of these insects or animals, it may be possible to estimate the TOD.Scene examination: The scene examination and any possible evidence collected can give a rough estimate of the time of death.It is important to note that estimating the TOD is not an exact science and there are often significant margins of error. A professional forensic examination is typically needed to determine the TOD.
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How many grams are in 2.5 moles of KCl
Answer:
186.25
Explanation:
KCL= 74.5 (molar mass)
2.5*74.5= 186.25
Sample Response: Even though a compound can be made of two or more types of atoms, it is still a pure substance because the compound can be isolated, like salt or water. What did you include in your response? Check all that apply. a. A compound can be a pure substance. b. A compound can be isolated.
Answer:
a. A compound can be a pure substance.
b. A compound can be isolated.
Explanation:
a. A compound can be a pure substance.
This is because a compound which is made up of two or more atoms is also a pure substance since, a pure substance is a substance that contains only one type of matter - that is, it is in a single phase of matter.
Examples of compounds include water (H₂O) and ammonia (NH₃)
b. A compound can be isolated.
This is because, since it is a pure substance, it has unique properties which distinguish it from other compounds.
How many protons neutrons and electrons does carbon-14 have if it has a neutral charge?
Protons, neutrons and electrons that carbon-14 have if it has a neutral charge is 6 electrons, 8 neutron, and 6 proton.
The total of an element's protons plus neutrons is that element's mass number. One atomic mass unit, or amu, roughly equals the weight of neutrons and protons. While atomic number equal to proton and electron.
The proton can be calculate as follows:
C−14 has atomic no = 6 and mass no = 14.
so
No of electrons = No of protons = atomic no = 6
No of neutron = mass no-atomic no = 14−6=8
Therefore, Protons, neutrons, and electrons that carbon-14 have if it has a neutral charge is 6 electrons, 8 neutron, and 6 proton.
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Volumetric flask - __________ during mixing and storage. Fill in the blank
When mixing and storing materials, volumetric flasks are utilized to determine volumes.
Volumetric flasks: what are they?A volumetric flask is a piece of plastic or glass lab equipment used to make solutions. It is applied to prepare a solution with a specific volume. Compared to beakers or Erlenmeyer flasks, volumetric flasks can be used to measure volumes significantly more precisely.
When is the best time to utilize a volumetric flask?When it's important to know the volume of the mixture being made exactly and properly, a volumetric flask is utilized. Similar to volumetric pipets, the size of a volumetric flask varies according to the solution volume that is being made.
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If the mass of the products (AlCl3 and Cu) are 146g total and the mass of CuCl2 on the reactant side is 126 grams, what is the mass of Al
Your limiting reagent will be copper (II) chloride. The mole ratio is the most crucial tool you'll have to tackle this problem, or any other stoichiometry problem, for that matter.
Keep in mind that in order to make 3 moles of copper from 3 moles of copper (II) chloride, you need 2 moles of aluminum. Unbalanced reaction: Al(s)+HCl(aq) AlCl3(aq)+H2(g). Cl. Balance On the product side there are three Cl atoms and on the reactant side there is one. There is only one hydrogen atom on the reactant side and two on the product side of the reaction Mg + HCl MgCl 2 + H 2. The equation is therefore unbalanced.
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Which of the following does NOT cause a shift in a chemical equilibrium position?
a. Decreasing temperature
b. Adding more solid reactant
c. Increasing concentration
d. Decreasing volume
Answer:
d. Decreasing volume
step by step explanation:
Consider the following intermediate chemical equations. 3 equations. 1: upper C solid plus upper o subscript 2 gas right arrow upper C upper O subscript 2 gas Delta H 1 equals negative 393.5 kilojoules. 2: 2 upper C upper O gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas right arrow 2 upper C upper O subscript 2 gas Delta H 2 equals negative 566.0 kilojoules. 3: 2 upper H subscript 2 upper o gas right arrow 2 upper H subscript 2 gas plus upper O subscript 2 gas delta H 3 equals 483.6 kilojoules. The overall chemical equation is Upper C (s) plus upper H subscript 2 upper O (g) right arrow upper C upper o (g) plus upper H subscript 2 (g).. To calculate the final enthalpy of the overall chemical equation, which step must occur?
The final enthalpy of the overall chemical equation is -475.9KJ. and 2nd step must occur to calculate the final enthalpy.
what is enthalpy?Enthalpy depends only on the system's composition, temperature, and pressure; it is unaffected by the system's history. It is a quality or state function that resembles energy and has energy-like properties (and is thus measured in units of joules or ergs).
1st equation
C(s) + O₂ → CO₂ ΔH₁ = - 393.5KJ
2nd equation
CO + O₂ → 2CO₂ ΔH₂ = -566.0KJ
3rd equation
2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂ ΔH₃ = 483.6KJ
Overall chemical equation is
C(s) + H₂ + O→ CO(g) + H₂(g)
The overall chemical equation's final enthalpy is
ΔH = ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ + ΔH₃
ΔH = - 393.5 -566.0 + 483.6
ΔH = -959.5 + 475.9
ΔH = -475.9KJ.
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A gas has an initial pressure of 120 kPa, a volume of 23 liters, and a temperature of 20°C. If the pressure is raised to 150 kPa the new volume is 17 liters, what is the new temperature of the gas? 0 0.003 K 0 270.7 K O 18.4K O 100 K
Answer:
virgil Cassidy n.v
Christian doctorbbn nnn
Explanation:
Verizon mlm
Find the number of moles of in 571,0 g of tetraphosphorous octoxide.
Answer:
Think sorry if i did it wrong The molar mass that is the mass of 6.022 X 1023 atoms of helium is 4g. Hence 1 mole of He = 4 g of He = 6.022 X 1023atoms of He. 1 g of He = (6.022 X 1023) / 4 atoms of He. 52 g of He = (6.022 X 1023X 52 ) / 4 atoms of He.
For Helium,
Number of atoms=Number of moles ×6.022×1023
No of Moles = 6.022×10
2312.044×10
23 = 2.
Now, atomic mass of He=4
Weight = 2×4 = 8 g
The molar mass that is the mass of 6.022 X 1023 atoms of helium is 4g. Hence 1 mole of He = 4 g of He = 6.022 X 1023atoms of He. 1 g of He = (6.022 X 1023) / 4 atoms of He. 52 g of He = (6.022 X 1023X 52 ) / 4 atoms of He.
As we know, gram atoms = gram mole
here, no of moles = 23/46 =2 so no of gram atoms are 2.
Explanation:
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A balloon of hydrogen is subjected to vacuum. The initial pressure and volume of hydrogen is 0. 95 atm and 0. 55 L. Calculate the final pressure if the final volume is 1. 22 L?
The final pressure if the final volume is 1. 22 L will be 0.4234 atm
To calculate the final pressure of the hydrogen in the balloon if the final volume is 1.22 L, the ideal gas law can be used. The ideal gas law states that PV = NRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Since the number of moles and the temperature is not given, we can assume that they remain constant. So we can use the equation PV = k, where k is a constant.
Given the initial pressure and volume of the hydrogen are 0.95 atm and 0.55 L respectively.
0.95*0.55 = k
so k = 0.5175
then the final pressure can be calculated by:
P1V1 = P2V2
0.950.55 = P21.22
P2 = (0.5175) / (1.22) = 0.4234 atm
The final pressure of the hydrogen in the balloon will be 0.4234 atm.
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1. A Satellite's velocity is 30,000 m/s after one minute, It is 15,000 m/s. What is the Satellite's acceleration ?
Answer: i don't know
Explanation:
Which of the following geometries for the complex ion [Co(en)(H2O)4]2+ are possible?
Check all that apply
O trigonal bipyramidal or square pyramidal
O octahedral
O linear
O tetrahedral or square planar
O trigonal planar
Geometry for the complex ion [Co(en)(H2O)4]2+ that are possible is : Octahedral.
What is octahedral molecular geometry?A compound with six atoms or groups of atoms or ligands grouped symmetrically around a central atom and defining the vertices of the octahedron represents the shape of an octahedron in chemistry and is known as an octahedral molecular geometry (also known as a square bipyramid).
The prefix is octa because the octahedron has eight faces. Octahedral bond angle values between 90° and 180° are what determine the octahedral shape. The angles between each of the four atoms that make up the square bases of the two pyramids of the octahedral structure and one of the apex atoms are both 90 degrees.
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the ka for hydrofluric acid is 7.2 x 10-4. this means that hf is
a weak acid. The Ka (acid dissociation constant) is a measure of the strength of an hydrofluoric acid in solution. It is defined as the equilibrium constant for the dissociation reaction of the acid in water,.
which is usually written as:
HA + H2O → H3O+ + A-
A lower Ka value indicates that the acid is a weak acid, meaning that it does not dissociate very well in water and thus has a low concentration of H3O+ ions. A higher Ka value indicates that the hydrofluoric acid is a strong acid, meaning that it dissociates very well in water and thus has a high concentration of H3O+ ions. Given that the Ka for hydrofluoric acid is 7.2 x 10-4, this means that hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid. This means that it does not dissociate very well in water and thus has a low concentration of H3O+ ions. It is a weaker acid than the strong acids like Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid and many others.
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The picture below shows an open field with wildflowers.
Which of the following is NOT a way that this environment supports populations of bees?
It gives the bees a place to rest
It allows easy pollination for flower reproduction
It provides flowers with nectar
It gives the bees minerals in the soil that they eat
I'll pick brainliest for the one who gets it right :)
Answer:
I think it's B
Explanation:
B is talking about the bees helping the flowers, so that isn't helping the bees but the flowers instead
someone help asap it is due in 5 minutes
Answer:
Kingdom
Explanation:
Out of all the choices, Kingdom is the most inclusive and least specific.
When the question asks for the most inclusive and least specific group, it is asking for the most broad group.
Also, you can just look at the left of the image. It basically shows you the answer.
Methanol (methyl alcohol or wood alcohol) is a potential automotive fuel, either in pure form or mixed with gasoline. Some fleet vehicles, such as municipal buses, have been modified to burn methanol-containing fuels. These fuels are also used by some race cars. A particular automobile modified to use a mixture of 85.0% methanol and 15.0% gasoline by mass gets 25.5 mi/gal. The fuel has a density of 0.775 g/mL. How many kilograms of methanol does the automobile consume in a trip of 808 km
Answer:
it’s 4
Explanation:
A solution of water and sugar contains 12g of sugar and 400 mL of water.
What is the concentration of this solution?*
Answer:
500ml
Explanation:
because 100 ×2 is 200 and the 300
500ml
Is 1g equal to 1 mol?