what is the substrate for a antigen and b antigen synthesis?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The blood group A antigen is synthesized by an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that uses a UDP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) as sugar donor substrate, while the B antigen is synthesized by a galactosyltransferase that uses a UDP-α-galactose (UDP-Gal) as a sugar donor substrate.

Answer 2

The substrate for A antigen is N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) as sugar donor substrate and the substrate for B Antigen is galactosyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-galactose (UDP-Gal) as a sugar donor substrate.

What are Antigens?

Antigen is any substance which is recognized as foreign particle by the immune system. It is also known as Immunogens. It triggers the Immune system. Antigens can be endogenous, exogenous or autoantigens. Some examples of antigens are pollen, bacteria, viruses, etc.

There are three types of antigens which includes

1. Exogenous antigen - It is foreign to the immune system

2. Endogenous antigen- It is produced by intracellular bacteria and virus which replicates inside the host cell.

3. Autoantigens- It is produced by the host.

Antigen-presenting cells help the immune system triggers its attack. There are three types of antigen-presenting cells in your body. They are

1. Macrophages

2. Dendritic cells

3. B cells

Thus, the substrate for A antigen is N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) as sugar donor substrate and the substrate for B Antigen is galactosyltransferase which uses a UDP-α-galactose (UDP-Gal) as a sugar donor substrate.

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Related Questions

how long does it take to get carbon monoxide poisoning

Answers

Answer:

If the carbon monoxide concentration in the air is much higher commas signs of poisoning may occur within 1 to 2 hours. A very high carbon monoxide concentration can even kill an exposed individual within 5 minutes.

Explanation:

This can happen within 2 hours if you're asking how long does it take to show signs of carbon monoxide poisoning But if you're asking how long it takes look above.

Does apple cider vinegar lower blood pressure naturally?

Answers

It can reduce blood triglycerides, cholesterol, and blood pressure.


PLEASE MARK ME BRAINLIEST

Examples of mass communication include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Answers

Answer:

Mass communication is practiced multiple mediums, such as radio, television, social networking, billboards, newspapers, magazines, books, film, and the Internet.

how long do you have to wait to eat after fluoride?

Answers

Answer:

After 30 minutes

Explanation:

After 30 minutes the treatment the teeth will entirely absorb the fluoride

Does massaging abdomen helps girls during period?Why or Why not??​

Answers

Yes, the person above is correct and I’m a girl and I’ve tried it before so it works reeeealy well lol

Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

It helps loosen the tense muscles.

what is the most popular medication for high blood pressure?

Answers

Answer:the ACE inhibitor lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)

Explanation:

in a geriatric patient what are some common considerations regarding abdominal pain

Answers

Answer:

"In general, the approach to abdominal pain in geriatric patients requires careful consideration of the physiologic changes associated with aging, differences in pain perception, and the confounding effects of medical comorbidities and polypharmacy."

Explanation:

I hope this helped!

Why the body needs a constant supply of glucose

Answers

Our body needs energy in order to work or function properly. Glucose is a form of simple sugar & sugar is found in the form of glucose in our body (in the blood). So, the body needs a constant supply of glucose in order to get energy & to function well.

More to know :-

=》This glucose comes through the various food items that we eat.

=》Glucose = simple sugar, our body needs sugar, fat & proteins (amino acids) to produce energy.

=》Glucose is needed for proper functioning of our brain, nerve cells, in the respiration process etc.

_______

RainbowSalt2222 ☔

For the production of neurotransmitter precursors, ATP is needed to power their functions, and for the brain's other energy requirements unrelated to signaling, glucose is necessary.

Why body needs glucose?

Your body's cells employ glucose, lipids, and amino acids which are the building blocks of protein as energy sources. But it's your brain's primary source of fuel.

There, it aids in the information processing of nerve cells and chemical messengers. It is necessary for your brain to function properly.

The liver and muscles are where the body stores glucose when it is not needed for energy. Glycogen is a type of glucose that is stored and is composed of several linked glucose molecules.

Therefore, body needs a constant supply of glucose necessary for the brain's other energy requirements.

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Day-in-the-Life Scenario

You will now use your accumulated knowledge about the exercise physiologist career and the musculoskeletal system to design a scenario that provides a realistic understanding of the profession. Of course, you may also use additional research, but your scenario must be original.

Answer the following questions:
1. In what setting are you located?
2. Who are your most regular patients?
3. What is the problem the client is presenting, e.g., weak heart due to perfusion/bypass, lack of range of motion due to knee injury, etc.?
4. What kind of very general activities would you prescribe?
5. What is the description of at least one tool from the list in the lesson, along with an.
interpretation of the data it produces? (You may need to do additional research, so be sure to include a list of Works Cited for your teacher.)
6. What is a situation in which there is a potential hazard for one of your clients, and how did you respond to that situation? This could be a heart attack, a fainting spell, dangerous equipment, etc.
7. What is a situation in which you had to work with another member of the health team in order to get the best outcome for your patient?
8. What is a situation in which you had to educate the patient on what kind of exercise you were providing and why?
9. What ethical situation came about in which you had to check out the ASEP Code of Ethics, or, if the URL was unavailable, base your reaction on your own understanding of past ethical discussions?
10. What situation occurred in which you had to explain certification and licensure to the client?

You can combine all of these sections into interaction with just one client or describe a whole day with various clients.

Answers

Answer:

6454

Explanation:

Within about three hours after death, what happens to the eyes?

They bulge from the face

They recede into the orbital bone

They begin leaking fluid

A thin cloudy film develops

Its accutaly for my Forensics class

Answers

Answer:

D) A thin cloudy film

Explanation:

This will appear approximately 2 hours after death.

Hope this helps,

Kavitha

A thin Cloudy film develops

which health problem can result from choline toxicity?

Answers

The problem of respiratory system

Choline toxicity can affect the cardiovascular system. Choline is an important biomolecule which works as a neurotransmitter. It contributes to the formation of acetylcholine, major neurotransmitter.

What is Choline toxicity?

Choline is an essential nutrient for many animals. Choline occurs as a cation that forms various biomolecules. Choline can be obtained from the diet as choline or as choline phospholipids, like phosphatidylcholine.

Very high intakes of choline can lead to low blood pressure (hypotension) and liver toxicity. It may also lead to the excess production of compounds which are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

Symptoms of choline toxicity include body odor, sweating, excessive salivating, reduced growth rate and low blood pressure. Choline toxicity for a long time can cause liver damage.

People with low folate diet may need high choline amount in diet. The richest dietary sources of choline are meat, fish, dairy, and eggs. Many fruits, vegetables, and whole grains also contain choline.

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what types of sensations do sensory receptors detect

Answers

Answer:

tatcial sensation

Explanation:

touch, pain, and temperature, as well as those for vision, hearing, smell, and taste.

what are three positive aspects about dating​

Answers

Answer:

1. It has been shown that having a partner inherently reduces stress and tension if the relationship is positive.

2. People who were in a healthy relationship and who had someone to actively listen to them were 22% less likely to have suicidal thoughts or ideation

3. Hugging someone you feel strong affection for releases serotonin, and has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety overall, as well as possibly extending your lifespan.

Explanation:

Humans inherently seek companionship. This can bee seen in obvious ways, such as dating or getting a pet, but it can also be seen in more subtle ways, such as seeing faces on cars or other objects. Feeling like you have someone there for you makes your body feel more secure, allowing you to be more restful and therefore reducing stress.

What do you think is the most significant role that the male reproductive system plays? What can you commit to do to take excellent care of it?

Answers

Answer:

many people acknowledge the fact the reproductive systems are the most important organs within the entire body. For instance, the male reproductive system contains important organs located within the pelvic region with the main purpose of generating sperms needed during the fertilization process.

Don’t Be Involved, Commit! Doing things halfway is the mother of …

If You Won’t Learn How to Commit, Someone Else Will. There’s …

Never Give Up, Never Give In. Quitting is also a lesson; a really expensive …

Free Your Mind, and the Rest Will Follow. Once you’re committed to

Explanation:

What is true about the most commonly used medicine analgesics, which are pain relievers.
Some analgesics can fight inflammation along with pain.
Analgesics range from mild medicines such as aspirin to strong narcotics like morphine.
The strong analgesics can be highly addictive.
All of these
None of these, pain relievers are all safe and mild.

Answers

Answer:

All of these

Explanation:

Some analgesics can fight inflammation along with pain.

Analgesics range from mild medicines such as aspirin to strong narcotics like morphine.

The strong analgesics can be highly addictive.

All of these statements are true, and theres no way in this world that all pain relievers are safe and mild.

explain the trend of population change in nepal over the last one hundred years of census​

Answers

Explanation:

There have been about 60 per cent increase in population from 11.6 million in 1971 to 18.5 million in 1991 and in last one decade it increased by about 27 per cent from 18.5 million in 1991 to 23.2 million in 2001.

How to stop missing her?

Answers

Answer:

to whom r u missing dear

...

Keep busy, do things that help you keep your mind off of anything at all. Some examples would be: watch a movie, go to an amusement park.
If you want to get over them, realize that it is ok to think about them as much as you need. At some point, you have to move on with your life.

if you want to obtain one kilogram of coffee to drink, how much water will you need to heat?

Answers

1 : 3 ratio, 1 kilo is 3 ounce and every ounce needs 3 ounce of water so 3 x 3 = 9 therefore 9 ounces of water is required.

What is coffee?

Coffee is refer to as a drink made from the roasted and ground seeds ( coffee beans ) of a tropical plant.

There are three techniques are used for processing the coffee such as the dry, or “natural,” process, the wet (and washed) process, and a hybrid process known as the semi-washed, or “pulped natural,” method.

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how does additional body weight affect physical status

Answers

it makes you more prone to diabetes, and other diseases where your body has too much sugar or too many carbs or something like that

The body needs insulin to move glucose into the cells.15 points

Question 5 options:
True
False

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

For glucose to go in and out of cells, the cells need to have a protein channel in their cell membrane.

that

is

true

hope

this

helps

Which statement about HIV is true?

HIV drugs are becoming more effective.

There is a vaccination to prevent the spread of HIV.

One drop of blood can contain enough HIV to infect a person.

Mosquitos can infect people with HIV.

Answers

All are true! Hope this helped

HIV drugs are becoming more effective in the prevention of HIV, if it is not prevented earlier, it leads to AIDS, hence option A is correct.

What is AIDS?

AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, attacking the immune response.

HIV is a sexually transmittable disease, spread from one person to another, during sex or blood transfusion from an infected person. The virus enters the body and reduces the number of T lymphocytes, which is the crucial cell of immune system.

There is not any available vaccine, effective for HIV, and there is no evidence that mosquitoes can infect people with HIV.

Therefore, HIV drugs are becoming more effective is a true statement about HIV.

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Which of the following is true about the spread of HIV?
Group of answer choices

Along with malaria and yellow fever, mosquitoes can also spread HIV.

You will probably get HIV if an infected person sneezes on you.

HIV is most commonly spread through sexual intercourse or sharing needles.

HIV is never passed from mother to unborn child.

Answers

Answer: HIV is most commonly spread through sexual intercourse or sharing needles

Explanation:Most people who get HIV get it through sexual intercourse or sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment

I believe the answer is...

HIV is most commonly spread through sexual intercourse or sharing needles. HIV first infected a specific group of people in "that" type of way is how it was most commonly spread as well...

P.S.

btw sorry for using us a last answer I hope you found it helpful though if you wanted fast answers.

I always get full but there are only 1-3 bites left on my plate. Why does this happen?

Answers

Answer:

First bite syndrome is a side effect of some surgical treatments for head and neck cancer that is thought to be caused by nerve damage. It can also be caused by a head and neck tumor itself. The syndrome causes pain in the mouth that is triggered by salivation or when taking the first few bites of food during a meal. The pain can be described as intense, sharp, or like a muscle spasm. The pain is usually felt in the parotid (salivary gland) region, which is in the back of the mouth close to the ears, and is usually only felt on one side. The pain lessens with each bite of food but will return if there is a break in eating. First bite syndrome can start anywhere from days, to months, to years after treatment. This side effect can resolve on its own, but there are some treatments that can be helpful for this side effect.

Explanation:

*sigh*

In general, individual sports require better cardiorespiratory fitness. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. T F.

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Answer:

TRUE

Explanation:

which type of stress affects your mental and/or physical health?

Answers

Answer:

long term-stress

Explanation:

Answer:

Long term stress

Explanation:

camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/stress

When stress becomes overwhelming and prolonged, the risks for mental health problems and medical problems increase.

Long-term stress increases the risk of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression, substance use problems, sleep problems, pain and bodily complaints such as muscle tension. It also increases the risk of medical problems such as headaches, gastrointestinal problems, a weakened immune system, difficulty conceiving, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and stroke.

how long does it take for a rattlesnake bite to kill you?

Answers

2-3 days or even quicker depends on the snake type

Name three domains of physical skills needed to be proficient in to enhance your athletic performance

Answers

The physical domain would include physical competency, fundamental motor skills, health and skill related fitness, technique and psychomotor skills.

true or false? the pancreas is responsible for producing hormones that maintain the homeostatic levels of glucose in the blood.

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The pancreas produces two hormones, insulin and glucagon, which work together to maintain the homeostatic levels of glucose in the blood.

natural remedies for migraines and tension headaches

Answers

Answer:

Here are 18 effective home remedies to naturally get rid of headaches.

Drink Water. Inadequate hydration may lead you to develop a headache. ...

Take Some Magnesium. ...

Limit Alcohol. ...

Get Adequate Sleep. ...

Avoid Foods High in Histamine. ...

Use Essential Oils. ...

Try a B-Complex Vitamin. ...

Soothe Pain with a Cold Compress.

Explanation:

Try these I found them on go o gle so it might work?

Answer:

Drink Water

Take Magnesium Supplements

Use a cold or hot compress on affected area

Take a hot shower

Get some sleep

Limit looking at screens

Explanation:

Along the lines of natural remedies most frequently used

Pepermint tea

Ginger or ginger tea

Caffiene, found in tea or coffee

Rosemary or lavender oil used topically or through aromatherapy

Mullein supplements

how many calories should a 5-foot 2 woman eat to lose weight

Answers

Answer:

Recommended daily calorie intakes in the US are around 2,500 for men and 2,000 for women.

Explanation:

Answer: The ideal weight for a 5’2 women should be from 104 to 131 lbs.

Explanation: Eating vegetables, fruits, proteins, and a lot of water !! NO JUNK FOOD, SOAD AND FAST FOOD.

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