under finra regulations on minimum maintenance customers are required to maintain a minimum equity of

An arbitration agreement is a contractual arrangement in which two or more parties agree to submit any legal dispute that may arise in the future to an independent arbitrator or panel of arbitrators for a final and binding decision, rather than going through the court system.

In terms of who the arbitration clause benefits, it ultimately depends on the specifics of the agreement. In some cases, arbitration clauses may benefit the consumer by providing a more efficient and cost-effective way of resolving disputes.

The implications of entering into an arbitration agreement are that parties have agreed to forgo their right to a trial by jury, and any decision made by an arbitrator or panel of arbitrators is final and binding, meaning that it cannot be appealed. It is important to note that the terms of the arbitration agreement will dictate the rules that the arbitrator(s) will follow and what type of evidence will be permitted.In terms of who the arbitration clause benefits, it ultimately depends on the specifics of the agreement. In some cases, arbitration clauses may benefit the consumer by providing a more efficient and cost-effective way of resolving disputes.

For example, in cases where the dispute involves a relatively small amount of money, arbitration may be quicker and less expensive than going through the court system. Additionally, arbitration can be less formal and intimidating than a courtroom setting, which may be more appealing to some consumers.

On the other hand, arbitration clauses may also benefit vendors by limiting their exposure to potential class-action lawsuits. For example, a vendor may require customers to agree to an arbitration clause as a condition of purchasing a product or service. In this case, the vendor would be protected from potential class-action lawsuits, as individual consumers would be required to pursue their claims through arbitration rather than filing a lawsuit.

Overall, the implications of entering into an arbitration agreement depend on the specific terms of the agreement, and who the agreement ultimately benefits will vary depending on the circumstances.

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The present worth of this truck is approximately $-3,900.

Given that a construction firm needs to buy a new dump truck. The truck has a 10-year life, and the interest rate is 10%. The truck costs $60000, and has a salvage value of $10000. The annual operating costs are $12000 and the annual income is $19000. We have to calculate the present worth of this truck.To find the present worth, the following formula is used:

PV= -I+ A(P/A,i,n) + S(P/F,i,n)

WherePV is the present value or present worth.

I is the investment or cost of the truck.

A is the income or revenue obtained annually. P/A, i, n represents the annual payment.

A is the income or revenue obtained annually.

S is the salvage value. P/F, i, n represents the future value.

Annual Payment: Annual income = $19000Annual operating cost = $12000Net Annual income = Annual income - Annual operating cost = $19000 - $12000 = $7000$7000 is the annual payment.

The salvage value is $10000.Future Worth:

Future worth or salvage value is $10000.

Interest Rate:

Interest rate or discount rate is 10%.Life:Life of the truck is 10 years. The present value can be calculated as follows:

PV= -I+ A(P/A,i,n) + S(P/F,i,n) = -$60,000 + $7,000(P/A,10%,10) + $10,000(P/F,10%,10)= -$60,000 + $7,000 (7.606) + $10,000 (0.386)= -$60,000 + $53,242 + $3,860= $-3,898 ≈ $-3,900

Therefore, the present worth of this truck is approximately $-3,900.

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The depreciated value based on the 3 requirements for depreciation is a new delivery van (option c).

A new delivery van, on the other hand, meets all three requirements for depreciation. It is used in a trade or business, has a determinable useful life, and is expected to decline in value over time. Depreciation can be calculated based on the cost of the van, its useful life, and its estimated salvage value.

Wages for delivery van drivers are not eligible for depreciation since they are considered an operating expense and do not meet the three requirements for depreciation.

Hence the option (c) is the right choice.

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The choice that would most likely not be impacted by our tax structure is deciding where to go on vacation. The other choices—choosing investments, creating an estate plan.

and setting money aside for college—all need financial preparation and may be affected by tax concerns. For instance, estate planning may include techniques to reduce inheritance taxes, and some investments may have tax repercussions, such as capital gains taxes. In a similar vein, saving for college may entail utilizing tax-advantaged savings programs like 529 plans. But, when it comes to picking a holiday spot, tax consequences are often not a key element in the decision-making process. Cost, accessibility, weather, and individual tastes are more likely to be taken into account.

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In the perpetual inventory system, a certain amount of the discount that is allowance on purchases made during the discount period is typically credited to Inventory. Option C .

A program known as a ceaseless stock framework persistently gauges your stock utilizing electronic records as opposed to an actual stock. A physical count serves as the starting point for this system, which then adjusts for inbound and outbound purchases and shipments. With a never-ending stock, all transactions, including product expenses, are quickly recorded as they occur. Take, for example, supermarkets: Every time a product is purchased and scanned, the system makes a change to the inventory levels in the database.

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Pollard Construction's profit recognized in the year 2 of the project is about 980,000.

To determine the profit recognized by Pollard Construction in year 2 of the project, we need to use the percentage of completion method, which recognizes revenue and costs proportionally to the amount of work completed.

First, we need to calculate the total costs incurred and the total billings to the customer up to the end of year 2:

Total costs incurred = 800000 + 600000

Total costs incurred = 1,400,000

Total billings to customer = 1,000,000 + 1,000,000

Total billings to customer = 2,000,000

We need to calculate the percentage of completion at the end of year 2:

Percentage of completion = Total costs incurred / Total estimated costs

Percentage of completion = 1,400,000/ (800,000+600,000+1,600,000)

Percentage of completion = 35

Using the percentage of completion method, we can recognize the following revenue and costs for year 2:

Revenue recognized in year 2 = Total contract revenue x Percentage of completion in year 2

Revenue recognized in year 2 = 4,000,000 × 35

Costs recognized in year 2 = Total estimated costs × Percentage of completion in year 2 - Costs recognized in previous years

Costs recognized in year 2 = (800,000 + 600,000 + 1,600,000) × 35

Therefore, the profit recognized by Pollard Construction in year 2 of the project is:

Profit recognized in year 2 = Revenue recognized in year 2 - Costs recognized in year 2

Profit recognized in year 2 = 1,400,000 - 420,000

Profit recognized in year 2 = 980,000

So, Pollard Construction's profit recognized in year 2 of the project is 980,000.

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In a resource allocation graph, if the cost of terminating any of the processes is the same, the process with the smallest number of vertices should be terminated.

A resource allocation graph is a directed graph with a collection of vertices and edges representing the various processes and resources in a system. The edges represent requests and assignments of resources to processes. In this case, all the processes have the same cost of termination.

Therefore, the process with the least number of vertices is recommended to be terminated. The vertices of a process represent the resources that are requested by the process. Thus, the process with the smallest number of vertices represents the process that requires fewer resources than the others.

Therefore, it is the process that is easiest to terminate without disrupting the overall functioning of the system. Hence, we recommend that the process with the least number of vertices be terminated.

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Paula Reid, the manager who started the U.S. Secret Service prostitution scandal in Cartagena, based her decision largely on an approach known as zero tolerance.

This approach is based on the principle of holding people accountable for their actions regardless of the situation.

Zero tolerance policies state that certain behaviors are not acceptable and must be addressed immediately with no exceptions.

In the case of the Cartagena scandal, this meant that anyone who was found to be engaging in or supporting any type of prostitution activity would be punished. In this case, the punishments were the removal of certain individuals from the Secret Service and disciplinary action against those still employed.

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The factor that is mainly responsible for a perceptual bias when interpreting the characteristics of a product is the psychological characteristics of consumers.

Perceptual bias is the human tendency to interpret sensory information based on what we expect to see or hear, rather than on what is actually there. People rely on past experiences to make sense of their surroundings, and this can cause them to perceive things that are not there, or to miss things that are.

A product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need. In marketing, products can be physical goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties, organizations, information, and ideas.

Psychological characteristics refer to the way in which an individual’s personality, temperament, and behaviour are shaped by factors such as upbringing, environment, and social relationships.

These characteristics influence how people think, feel, and behave, and can have a profound impact on their ability to make good decisions and solve problems.

Psychological characteristics of consumers that are mainly responsible for a perceptual bias when interpreting the characteristics of a product. This is because people tend to interpret sensory information based on what they expect to see or hear, rather than on what is actually there.

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The term used to refer to the traditionally American method of using assembly line manufacturing is "Fordism". Fordism is an industrial production system in which raw materials are processed and manufactured into finished goods through the use of assembly lines, standardized production techniques, and large-scale coordination of labor.

It is often associated with Henry Ford's introduction of the Model T automobile, which revolutionized the industry by bringing mass-produced goods to the public. Fordism enabled the production of large quantities of products at low cost and promoted the growth of consumerism.

Fordism was based on the principles of scientific management, which sought to maximize efficiency and productivity in the workplace. It focused on the standardization of production and the reduction of labor costs. This was done through the introduction of assembly lines, which enabled workers to complete each task more quickly, and by ensuring that the production process was broken down into a series of distinct tasks.

Fordism led to the development of the mass production economy, which in turn enabled large companies to produce large quantities of goods at lower prices. This encouraged consumerism and led to the growth of large businesses. Fordism had a significant impact on society, with its production system becoming a major part of many industrial nations' economies.

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When determining the loan-to-value ratio, the lender will use the appraised value of the property, which in this case is $257,000.

The lender will use the appraised value of the property, which in this case is $257,000, when determining the loan-to-value ratio. This is because the appraised value represents an independent evaluation of the property's worth, while the purchase price may be influenced by factors such as negotiation between the buyer and seller, market conditions, and other variables that do not necessarily reflect the property's true value.

What is loan-to-value ratio?

The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio is a financial term that represents the ratio of a loan amount to the value of the asset being purchased with the loan. In the case of a mortgage, it is the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the property being mortgaged. It is expressed as a percentage and is used by lenders to assess the risk of providing a loan to a borrower. A lower LTV ratio indicates less risk for the lender, while a higher LTV ratio indicates more risk. Typically, lenders prefer lower LTV ratios and may require borrowers to purchase private mortgage insurance if the LTV ratio is too high.

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The predicted rise in gold price in August would likely result in a decrease in the quantity of gold supplied in July, leading to a leftward shift in the supply curve.

When market analysts predict an increase in the price of gold, it may signal to gold producers to hold onto their gold or reduce the quantity they supply in the market, expecting to sell it at a higher price in the future. This decrease in supply would lead to a leftward shift in the supply curve, resulting in a higher equilibrium price and lower equilibrium quantity.

Holding everything else constant, this would mean that buyers would have to pay a higher price for a lower quantity of gold in the market.

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The intrinsic value of the wrench's stock is 11.63 option C

Cost of Equity =Risk Free Rate + beta*(Market return-Risk Free Rate) =5%+1.2*(13%-5%) =14.60%

Intrinsic Value =Dividend in year 1/(Cost of Equity-Growth) =1/(14.6%-6%) =11.63 (Option d is correct option)

Intrinsic value is a concept used in finance and investing to describe the inherent worth of an asset or security, independent of its market price.

It is a theoretical value that takes into account the future cash flows an asset or investment is expected to generate, and is based on fundamental factors such as the company's financial health, growth prospects, and economic environment.

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The time between a shock to the economy and the policy action responding to that shock is called the "policy lag."

The policy lag is the amount of time it takes for policymakers to respond to a shock. The lag can be divided into three parts, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco: recognition lag, decision lag, and implementation lag. The recognition lag is the amount of time it takes for policymakers to recognize that an event has occurred that requires policy intervention.

The decision lag is the amount of time it takes for policymakers to determine what action to take in response to a shock, and the implementation lag is the amount of time it takes to put the chosen policy into effect. The policy lag can be affected by a variety of factors, including political considerations, bureaucratic processes, and economic data analysis. The quicker the policymakers can respond, the shorter the policy lag will be, which will allow the policy to be more effective.

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The fiscal policy problem set assumes that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8, and the potential output is $800 billion. The government spending multiplier is 5.

This is calculated by the formula:

Government Spending Multiplier = 1 / (1 - MPC), where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume.

Substitute the given values in the formula,

We know that MPC = 0.8. So, the government spending multiplier is given as follows:

Government Spending Multiplier = 1 / (1 - 0.8) = 1 / 0.2 = 5

Therefore, the government spending multiplier is 5.

Content loaded fiscal policy refers to the deliberate use of government expenditure and taxation to alter the level and composition of the government's demand and output for goods and services.

Marginal propensity refers to the proportion of a change in a person's disposable income that is spent on additional consumption or saving. It is defined as the change in consumption divided by the change in disposable income.

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The most you would pay for an investment that promises to pay $18,905 a year forever with the first payment starting one year from now and assuming a required rate of return of 23.87% is $79,876.21.

To determine the maximum price you should pay for the investment that promises to pay $18,905 a year forever with the first payment starting one year from now, you can use the perpetuity formula: Pried = Annual payment / Required rate of return.Substituting the given values into the formula, we get: Price = $18,905 / 0.2387,Price = $79,158.09. Therefore, the maximum price you should pay for the investment is $79,158.09, assuming a required rate of return of 23.87%. This is the present value of the perpetuity, which represents the current value of the infinite stream of cash flows discounted at the required rate of return.

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The term for the demand for the primary or finished product that is directly created by the consumer is known as consumer demand.

Consumer demand refers to the willingness and ability of a consumer to purchase a good or service at a given price, at a given time, and in a given market.

It is a vital concept in microeconomics since it determines the prices, sales, and revenue of businesses, as well as how much of a commodity should be manufactured or distributed.

Consumers are the ultimate recipients of goods and services produced by companies, and consumer demand represents their preferences and tastes.

The level of demand for a particular product, brand, or service is determined by a variety of factors such as quality, price, availability, customer service, marketing, and promotions.

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Since the end of world war ii, each president running for reelection when the economy was growing has won, and each president running for reelection when the economy was contracting has lost. these presidents were experiencing the political effects of inflation (option c).

When the economy is growing, this usually means that there is an increase in economic activity, which leads to higher levels of employment, income, and consumer confidence. This tends to make people more optimistic about their future prospects and more likely to support the incumbent president's bid for reelection.

This tends to make people less optimistic about their future prospects and less likely to support the incumbent president's bid for reelection.

These analyses consistently show that a strong economy is strongly correlated with high presidential approval ratings and a high likelihood of reelection, while a weak economy is correlated with low presidential approval ratings and a lower likelihood of reelection.

Hence the option (c) is correct.

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The increase in cash flow for the accounting period will be $1,883.

Cash flow refers to the movement of money in and out of a business, organization, or individual's finances over a specific period of time. It is a crucial concept in financial management as it provides information about a person's or business's ability to generate cash and pay bills, debts, and expenses.

When a firm generates sales, it is initially recorded as an increase in accounts receivable on the balance sheet until the cash is received. Therefore, the increase in cash flow is calculated by subtracting the increase in accounts receivable ($326) from the sales amount ($2,209), resulting in an increase of $1,883 in cash flow.

In conclusion, the correct answer is: ''1,883''.

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According to the text, an employee who does not identify with their organization may experience decreased satisfaction. Option B is correct.

Organizational identification is the degree to which a worker identifies with their organization's values and goals, considers the organization to be an important aspect of themselves, and is proud of their association with it. Organizational identification is a significant predictor of a worker's work attitudes, behavior, and job satisfaction. Employees that feel a strong sense of identification with their organization are more likely to be satisfied with their job and committed to them, and are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behavior.

According to the text, an employee who does not identify with their organization may experience decreased satisfaction. As a result, it can be inferred that organizational identification is critical for job satisfaction and that a lack of it can have negative consequences. In summary, the correct option is B. decreased satisfaction. Option B is correct.

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The following statements are true

(1) mixed costs contain both fixed and variable cost elements.

(2) Mixed costs are also commonly known as step-fixed or step-variable costs.

(3) The equation for a straight line can be used to express the relationship between mixed costs and the level of activity.

(4) Both the total cost and the per-unit cost of mixed costs change with changes in the level of activity.

What is a mixed cost?Mixed costs are the costs that contain both variable and fixed components. It is because these costs change over time. The change is related to the change in the number of products manufactured or the number of services offered. The mixed costs are often referred to as semi-variable costs, semi-fixed costs, or semi-direct costs.

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Unemployment Rate is calculated as Unemployed / Civilian Labor Force.

Both employed and unemployed persons make up the civilian labor force. The nation's unemployment rate is (141.9-127.2)/141.9 = 0.104, or 10.4%.

Add up the number of people who are frictionally and structurally unemployed, then divide by the total number of people in the labor force to find the natural rate of unemployment. Multiply by 100 to represent the result as a percentage.

The number of jobless persons in the nation divided by the total number of workers in the civilian labor force is used to calculate the unemployment rate.

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The geographic market segmentation is a process of dividing the market into different geographical units such as countries, states, cities, and towns.

A marketer focusing on this type of segmentation would consider aspects such as population size, population density, climate, cultural background, political affiliations, and other similar geographic characteristics.
For example, a marketer could target their marketing campaigns to regions with colder climates, or to those with a specific cultural background. It could also involve targeting areas with a certain political inclination or population size. It is important to note that this type of segmentation requires careful consideration of the target area in order to be effective.
In conclusion, geographic market segmentation is a process of dividing the market into different geographical units and considering aspects such as population size, population density, climate, cultural background, political affiliations, and other similar geographic characteristics. This can help marketers create tailored marketing campaigns that can be more successful in specific areas.

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Descriptive analytics is the use of analytics to describe data, usually with the goal of finding trends or patterns in the data.

The various tools employed in descriptive analytics include data visualization, data mining, and business intelligence.

Descriptive analytics is different from traditional reporting in that traditional reporting provides a single answer to a single question, while descriptive analytics can provide an in-depth analysis of data to uncover patterns and trends.

A data warehouse (DW) is a system designed to store, manage, and analyze large amounts of data from multiple sources. Data warehousing technology enables analytics by providing an environment for running complex queries and storing data for later analysis.

Predictive analytics is a branch of analytics that uses data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to identify the likelihood of future outcomes. Organizations employ predictive analytics by analyzing data and developing models to understand customer behavior and predict potential risks and opportunities.

Prescriptive analytics is a branch of analytics that uses data, algorithms, and modeling to suggest the best solution or outcome for a given situation. It can be used to solve a variety of problems, such as pricing optimization, supply chain optimization, and resource allocation.

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Ahmad is guilty of a breach of fiduciary duty.

This is a legal obligation to act in the best interests of his client and failing to provide the necessary paperwork could result in the client not receiving the full benefits of the transaction.

To meet this obligation, Ahmad should have provided the required paperwork to his client in a timely manner.

A fiduciary duty is a legal obligation to act in the best interests of the client and not put their own interests first. In this case, Ahmad failed to provide his client with the necessary paperwork, which is required by federal law in order to make the transaction legal.

Not providing the paperwork puts the client at a disadvantage, as it could mean that they miss out on some of the benefits of the transaction, such as tax savings. Therefore, Ahmad breached his fiduciary duty by not providing the paperwork in a timely manner, which put the client at a disadvantage.

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The NikeFuel campaign successfully uses gamification to motivate users to engage in physical activity and earn rewards. This approach encourages users to stay active and provides an engaging and rewarding experience.

Brad and Hiro use an app from the NikeFuel campaign that transcribes their daily activities into points, allowing them to compete with each other and earn rewards. This system is based on the principles of gamification, where activities are turned into a game to make them more fun and rewarding.

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The percentage of the drug control budget spent on domestic law enforcement, drug interdiction, and international control programs is 72%.

The drug control budget is the government's monetary resources dedicated to drug control efforts. The drug control budget covers a range of activities such as drug demand reduction, drug supply reduction, and drug-related crime. The drug control budget is often divided into the following categories:

The domestic law is a set of legal norms and principles that regulate the activities of individuals and institutions within a particular country.

Domestic law enforcement involves the administration of justice in accordance with the law of the country. The goal of domestic law enforcement is to protect the people and property of the country.International controlInternational control programs involve the international community coming together to fight against drug-related problems. International control aims to reduce the supply and demand of drugs. International control programs may include international cooperation, drug trafficking interdiction, drug crop eradication, and other programs that promote a drug-free world.

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Alice would have the highest lifetime value to the retailer with a total purchase amount of $150.

To determine which customer would have a higher lifetime value to the retailer, we need to calculate the total amount spent by each customer over the given period.

Marcia: $10 x 6 = $60

Jan: $10 + $20 + $30 + $30 + $20 + $10 = $120

Cindy: $40 x 2 = $80

Alice: $150

A retailer is a business that sells goods or services directly to consumers for personal or a household use. Retailers can operate in the physical stores, online, or through a combination of both, and may specialize in a particular product or offer a wide range of the products to meet the consumer demand.

the complete question is:

Explain the concept of customer lifetime value (LTV). Assume that a small retail store has gathered the following customer purchase data for four of its customers. The store is using an LTV approach to evaluate the customers. Which of the four customers would have the highest lifetime value to the retailer? Explain your selection of that customer.

Customers Feb  March April May        June    July

Marcia         $10           $10 $10           $10 $10         $10

Jan                 $10           $20 $30            $40 $20          $10

Cindy          $40                    $40  

Alice                           $150

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The threat of potential substitutes is a major factor that can lessen the market power of a business. If potential substitutes become available, customers can choose the substitute instead, which lowers the market power of the business.

In other words, when there is an available substitute, customers have the option to switch from one product to another, thereby decreasing the overall demand for the original product.

For example, if the original product is a car and the substitute is a bike, if the bike is more affordable and efficient than the car, then customers will tend to buy the bike instead of the car. This reduces the market power of the car business because customers are no longer depending solely on them for transportation.

Furthermore, when potential substitutes are available, the original business must compete in terms of price and quality. If they do not offer competitive prices or features, then customers will switch to the substitute. This can lead to lower profits and revenues for the original business.

Additionally, businesses must also be aware of how substitutes may change the value of their product in the eyes of customers.

In summary, the threat of potential substitutes can lessen the market power of a business because customers can switch to an alternative product that is more affordable or better in quality.

This leads to the business needing to compete in terms of price and features, as well as changing the value of their product in the eyes of customers.

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Normative analysis is about what should be.

Normative analysis is the application of the criteria of what should be in the process of evaluating some existing state of affairs or policy alternatives. Normative analysis concerns itself with judgments on what should be, focusing on what is required to accomplish that goal. It is the process of determining the ideal outcome, and then working back to ascertain what policies, rules, and norms are necessary to achieve that ideal state. Normative analysis evaluates policies and programs against the desired objectives or goals.

Autonomous and induced variables are assumptions in economic models.

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