Its True that the differences we cited between men's and women's communication are based on averages and are not accurate for every individual man or woman.
The differences in communication styles that are frequently mentioned between men and women are founded on general tendencies and are not necessary true for every particular man or woman. While there are some innate and societal factors that impact gender communication disparities, each individual has their own distinct communication style that is molded by a variety of factors such as personality, education, and life experiences. It is critical to avoid stereotyping or making judgements about a person's communication style purely based on their gender.
While women are often said to be more verbal and better at conveying feelings than men, there are men who are very expressive and women who are more restrained. Similarly, while males are more apt than women to use straightforward, assertive language, there are men who are more indirect and women who are very bold.
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the perspective in sociology that is concerned with how gender is constructed and maintained in our everyday lives is known as:
The perspective in sociology that is concerned with how gender is constructed and maintained in our everyday lives is known as the "social constructionist perspective".
This perspective views gender as a social construct, meaning that it is not biologically determined, but rather created and reinforced through social interactions, cultural norms, and institutions. Social constructionists argue that gender roles and expectations are learned through socialization and vary across different societies and historical periods. They also emphasize the importance of power relations in shaping gender, including how gender intersects with other social categories such as race, class, and sexuality.
Overall, the social constructionist perspective in sociology seeks to understand how gender is created, reinforced, and maintained through social processes, rather than being an inherent characteristic of individuals.
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A complete simulation of an event has already been written and run for you.
the simulation is of spinning two wheels each with all of the numbers 1 through 14. each spin in stored as a row (observation) in the dataframe df under the columns wheel1 and wheel2.
using the simulation results in df, find an estimate of the probability that you get at least one value less than 6 or the second value is greater than 7.
variables
the setup code gives the following variables:
name type description
df dataframe dataframe containing the simulation results.
your code snippet should define the following variables:
name type description
prob number probability estimated from the simulation results
We can use boolean indexing to filter the observations that meet the specified conditions.
To estimate the probability of getting at least one value less than 6 or the second value being greater than 7, we can first count the number of observations that meet these criteria and then divide by the total number of observations in the dataset.
We can use boolean indexing to filter the observations that meet the specified conditions. For example, to filter for the first condition (getting at least one value less than 6), we can use the following code:
bashCopy code
less_than_6 = (df['wheel1'] < 6) | (df['wheel2'] < 6)
Here, we use the | operator to indicate that either condition can be true for the overall condition to be true. We store the resulting boolean array in a variable called less_than_6.
Similarly, to filter for the second condition (the second value being greater than 7), we can use:
bashCopy code
greater_than_7 = (df['wheel2'] > 7)
Now, we can combine these two conditions using the | operator again to get the total number of observations that meet either of these conditions:
scssCopy code
total_count = len(df) filtered_count = len(df[less_than_6 | greater_than_7])
Here, we use the len() function to get the length of the resulting boolean array after applying the | operator.
Finally, we can divide filtered_count by total_count to get the estimated probability:
makefileCopy code
prob = filtered_count / total_count
Note that this probability is an estimate based on the simulated data, and may not be exactly equal to the true probability in reality. However, as the number of observations in the dataset increases, this estimate will become more accurate
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would someone who left a cruise ship be considered a flight risk and not able to get another job on a cruise ship
It is unlikely that someone who left a cruise ship would be automatically considered a flight risk and unable to obtain another job on a cruise ship.
However, each cruise ship company has its own policies and procedures regarding hiring, and they may consider a candidate's employment history and reasons for leaving previous jobs. If the candidate has a history of leaving jobs abruptly or has a criminal record, they may face challenges in obtaining employment in the cruise ship industry. Ultimately, it is up to each cruise ship company to decide whether or not to hire a particular candidate based on their own criteria and evaluation process.
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research that focuses on gaining in-depth information about a few individuals with the goal of developing a more thorough understanding of their perspectives and experiences is called: quantitative research. mixed methods research. qualitative research. experimental research.
The correct option is A, Research that focuses on gaining in-depth information about a few individuals with the goal of developing a more thorough understanding of their perspectives and experiences is called qualitative research.
Qualitative research is a type of research methodology that focuses on exploring and understanding people's experiences, behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs. It involves collecting data through various methods such as interviews, observations, and focus groups, and analyzing that data to identify themes, patterns, and insights. Unlike quantitative research, which seeks to measure numerical data, qualitative research is concerned with the rich, detailed, and nuanced understanding of human experiences.
Qualitative research is often used in social sciences, humanities, and other fields where the subjective experiences of individuals are of particular interest. It allows researchers to gain a deeper understanding of complex social phenomena, such as cultural practices, social norms, and power dynamics. Qualitative research can also be used to generate hypotheses and theories, to inform policy decisions, and to provide insights for improving products, services, or processes.
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Complete Question:-
Research that focuses on gaining in-depth information about a few individuals with the goal of developing a more thorough understanding of their perspectives and experiences is called:
a. qualitative research.
b. quantitative research.
c. mixed methods research.
d. experimental research.
stacy, a social worker, is conducting an interview with a child about whom she received a scar report. stacy located the child at school and is asking him questions about the family, the child, and the relationships in the home. this step of the intervention process is called:
The step of the intervention process that Stacy, the social worker, is currently engaged in is called the assessment or evaluation phase.
During this phase, the social worker gathers information from various sources to identify the nature and extent of the child's needs and problems. In this case, Stacy is conducting an interview with the child to gather information about their family, the child themselves, and the relationships in the home, as part of her efforts to assess the situation and identify the appropriate course of action.
This information will be used to develop a plan for intervention and to identify the most appropriate services and resources for the child and family.
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What are three ways that concentration camps and internment camps are alike and different?
19. the builds and maintains federal interagency relationships and support for recovery during disaster and non-disaster times. a. federal disaster recovery coordinator b. state disaster recovery coordinator c. tribal disaster recovery coordinator d. local disaster recovery manager
Option A, The Federal Disaster Recovery Coordinator (FDRC) is a key position within the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) responsible for building and maintaining interagency relationships and support for disaster recovery efforts.
To facilitate the recovery process, the FDRC acts as a liaison between FEMA and other federal departments, state and municipal governments, business sector partners, and non-governmental groups.
In addition to creating and executing recovery plans, organizing recovery activities, offering technological support, and enabling financing and resources to support recovery efforts are all part of their duties.
In both catastrophe and non-disaster situations, the FDRC plays a critical role in assuring successful and effective rehabilitation operations.
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justice clarence thomas's dissenting opinion in the virginia v. black supreme court case concerning cross-burning argued that cross-burning is
Justice Clarence Thomas's dissenting opinion in the Virginia v. Black Supreme Court case concerning cross-burning argued that cross-burning is a form of symbolic expression that should be protected by the First Amendment, but only in certain circumstances.
He argued that cross-burning should only be protected if it is done with the intent to convey a particularized message, and not simply to intimidate or threaten individuals or groups based on their race, religion, or other characteristics.
Justice Thomas argued that the majority's decision to allow states to criminalize cross-burning in all circumstances, regardless of the intent behind it, was an overly broad restriction on free speech that could have a chilling effect on other forms of expressive conduct.
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in addition to acquiring vocabulary and grammar, 4-year-old ross is learning to engage in effective and appropriate communication. ross is mastering the social side of language, known as .
Ross is mastering the social side of language, known as pragmatics. This involves learning to engage in effective and appropriate communication by understanding the context, tone, and nonverbal cues.
What is Pragmatics? Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the social side of language, including how people communicate with one another using language, how people use language to achieve goals, and how people adjust their language in various social situations.
Pragmatics focuses on the non-literal meaning of language, such as implicatures and indirect speech acts, as well as on the effects of context and social situation on language use.
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do you think some kind of reward would be appropriate to motivate abigail? if so, what should it be?
A $200 bonus reward would be appropriate to motivate Juliet .
Option a is correct .
Employing the expectancy theory, managers can encourage staff by showing faith in their capacity to handle responsibilities despite apparent difficulty and control. Reward team members who perform well and motivate others to exert more effort and deliver better results.
Value is what a person assigns to the benefits of an outcome based on their needs, objectives, values, and motivational factors. One's values, needs, objectives, preferences, and sources are influential factors because they help them stay motivated to achieve a specific result.
Hence , Option a is correct .
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The correct question is :
Do you think some kind of reward would be appropriate to motivate Juliet? If so, what should it be?
a. A $200 bonus
b. A choice of work assignments
c. A personal meeting with the CEO
milo is speaking to his mother about how much he loves his partner, taylor. however, milo accidentally used the name of his good friend, sam, when speaking about his love for taylor. milo has just experienced a(n):
While speaking to his mother about how much he loves his partner, Taylor, Milo experienced Electra complex.
According to Carl Jung's Theory of Psychoanalysis, a girl's psychosexual rivalry with her mother for ownership of her father is known as the Electra complex in neo-Freudian psychology. The complex is a girl's phallic stage in the psychotic development process; a boy's equivalent experience is the Oedipus complex. The phallic stage, the third of five psychotic development stages—the oral, the phallic, the latent,—in which the source of libido pleasure is in a different erogenous zone of the infant's body—is when the Electra complex manifests (ages 3-6). Mental health specialists do not frequently use the concept of the Electra complex anymore.
Given that the theory's predictions do not align with scientific observations of infant development, there is little empirical support for it development. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does not include it.
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felix's research focuses on an adolescent who committed a mass murder at his school. felix uses data from the adolescent's school and medical records and interviews the adolescent's friends, family, and teachers. in which type of research is felix engaged? question 20 options: archival research naturalistic observation case study survey
Option C is correct, Case study is a type of research Felix is engaged in where he focuses on an adolescent who committed mass murder at his school. felix uses data from the adolescent's school and medical records and interviews the adolescent's friends, family, and teachers.
A case study is a type of research technique used to learn more about a topic or activity. An in-depth investigation is required for case studies to comprehend the functionality and accomplishments of the issue at hand. It is a thorough, in-depth analysis of a specific instance (or situation) in the context of the real world. Case studies in business, for instance, could cover a company's strategy or a larger market; similarly, case studies in politics might range from a specific event across time to a broad trend. For instance, case studies in medicine may concentrate on a specific patient or illness.
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which of the following is an example of social loafing? a. people tend to blindly follow the collective opinions of a group that they belong to. b. individuals support their friends in an interpersonal conflict although their friends are guilty. c. an individual performs well when working individually but his performance drops when he is part of a group. d. parents support their children even when they commit violent acts such as beating up other children.
An example of social loafing is when a person does well when working alone but poorly when working in a group. Option c is Correct.
As Ringelmann discovered when he made his rope-pulling groups larger, social loafing is more likely to take place in larger groups. Big gatherings promote social loafing tendencies because they make people feel more anonymous.
According to social psychology, social loafing is the tendency for an individual to put in less effort when working in a group than when working alone to accomplish a task. It is seen as one of the primary causes of organizations occasionally being less productive than the sum of their members' individual efforts. Option c is Correct.
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which phenomenon holds that people seek out messages they agree with and avoid messages they disagree with? question 4 options: the s-e-m-d-r model confirmation bias the concentric-circle theory the spiral of silence previous page next page
The phenomenon that holds that people seek out messages they agree with and avoid messages they disagree with is called: confirmation bias. The correct option is B.
Confirmation bias refers to the tendency for individuals to favor information or evidence that confirms their existing beliefs or values while disregarding or being more skeptical of information that challenges or contradicts those beliefs or values.
This phenomenon can occur for several reasons. First, people may feel more comfortable and secure in their beliefs when they are reinforced by others who share the same views. Second, individuals may selectively expose themselves to information that supports their beliefs, as it can be mentally easier to process and accept.
Third, people may be more critical of information that contradicts their beliefs, leading them to dismiss or devalue the opposing viewpoints.
In summary, confirmation bias is the phenomenon in which people tend to seek out messages they agree with and avoid messages they disagree with, favoring information that supports their existing beliefs and being more skeptical of opposing views.
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complete question:
Which phenomenon holds that people seek out messages they agree with and avoid messages they disagree with?
a. concentric-circle theory
b. confirmation bias
c. the S-M-R model
d. the spiral of silence
when interviewing a young child about an incident that took place the evening before, the best way to describe time is:
When interviewing a young child about an incident that took place the evening before, the best way to describe time is: "Yesterday evening."
It's vital to keep in mind that young children may still be developing their perception of time when interviewing them about an incident that happened the previous evening.
Consequently, it is advisable to just say "yesterday evening" when referring to the time period in question. This phrase is simple enough for a small child to understand while also giving sufficient information to correctly refer to a certain time period.
The fact that young children might not be able to offer an accurate timeline of events makes it crucial to keep the inquiries open-ended and to elicit further information as needed.
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what does king warn will happen in the african american community is not allowed to demonstrate through nonviolent actions
As King warned in his message, if the African American community is not allowed to demonstrate through nonviolent actions, it will lead to violent protests and unrest. In his letter, King warned that this kind of suppression would cause the movement to turn violent, leading to significant destruction of property and loss of life.
King believed that the use of nonviolent protests was critical to the success of the civil rights movement. He argued that peaceful demonstrations were the best way to bring about change without resorting to violence. However, he warned that if African Americans were not allowed to engage in nonviolent protests, they would become frustrated and angry, leading to the use of more extreme methods. King's message was clear: nonviolence was the key to success, but if this approach was denied, violence would follow. He urged people to remain committed to nonviolence, even in the face of opposition and violence from others.
In summary, he believed that the movement would be able to achieve its goals and bring about real change in American society.
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Please help me answer this it’s due in the morning: How has the development of Louisianas history and culture influenced the state’s government?
Answer:
Louisiana has a rich and complex history and culture, which has had an immense impact on the state’s government. Since its colonial days, the state has been influenced by diverse cultural, political, and economic forces. This influence is evident in its unique legal system, which includes French civil law, Spanish and English common law, as well as Native American traditions and values. Additionally, Louisiana’s strong commitment to individual rights and personal freedom, which has been derived from its long history of independence and self-governance, is evident in everything from its Constitution to public policies. The people of Louisiana have long been the determining factor in shaping the state’s government, whether by direct election or other forms of civic participation, and this has been a driving force in the development of Louisiana’s government.
paragraph with the following words 1 birth rate 2 death rate 3 increasing 3decreasing 4 immigration 5 population density 6 omnivore 7 herbivore 8 carnivore 9 limiting factors
Answer:
The population of any species is influenced by various factors, including birth rate, death rate, immigration, and limiting factors. If the birth rate exceeds the death rate and immigration rate exceeds emigration rate, the population increases. On the other hand, if the death rate exceeds the birth rate and emigration exceeds immigration, the population decreases. The population density of a particular area is determined by the number of individuals per unit area. The type of diet followed by a species, such as an omnivore, herbivore, or carnivore, can also affect the population density. However, the population size is ultimately determined by limiting factors such as availability of food, water, shelter, and space.
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what social identities (gender, region, ethnicity, political affiliation, etc.) are connected with particular foods or eating practices in modern italian culture?
Italians are very proud of their food and eating habits. Their food is like their identity. With their food's help, they can connect easily with their community.
Italians are associated with their culture and food is one of the identifications of their culture and lifestyle, showcasing different portions of Italy.
Sunday dinner, a culture performed by Italians, helps them to connect more and spend some quality time.
Italian who have moved or live in other countries found that they miss their Sunday dinner tradition, so after this many restaurants started to add dishes or restaurants named Italian.
Almost all social identities are connected with particular Italian food or eating practices, their meal practices include a few small steps which root them to their culture.
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hikari grew up with many brothers and sisters, but she and her husband currently have no children. what would you call her family unit that had many siblings? group of answer choices family of orientation lineage extended family family of procreation
Option A is correct, We could call her family unit including many siblings a family of orientation where Hikari grew up with many brothers and sisters, but she and her husband currently have no children.
This typically refers to one's parents and siblings, but it could also refer to grandparents or other family members. The family of orientation encompasses the one to which a person is born as well as the one to which they are raised. The biological, adoptive, or other ways that a kid might join their family of orientation.
The family of orientation is valued for its contribution to children's growing socialization experiences. As a result, one of the duties of the family of orientation is to mold children's attitudes, values, and beliefs. It has been demonstrated that young individuals of age are significantly influenced by their family's orientation.
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remembering where you were when president kennedy was shot or when the attack on the world trade center occurred is an example of
The world trade center occurred is an example of cold war the occasions in time sequence, President Kennedy was assassinated, United States makes lunar landing, The Cold War is over.
Attacks by terrorists on the World Trade Center
Barack Obama's election as president From the end of World War II in 1945 until the Soviet Union's demise in 1991, there was a geopolitical confrontation between the United States and its allies, known as the Western Bloc, and the Soviet Union and its allies, known as the Eastern Bloc. The Cold War was an international remembering where you were when president kennedy was shot conflict between opposing ideologies of capitalism and democracy and communism and socialism that sought to expand throughout the world.
Complete question:
Remembering where you were when president kennedy was shot or when the attack on the world trade center occurred is an example of?
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during rem sleep select one: a. heart and breathing rates slow. b. body temperature drops. c. digestive processes speed up. d. the brain is active and dreams occur.
During REM sleep, D. The brain is active and dreams occur.
REM sleep, or Rapid Eye Movement sleep, is a unique phase of sleep characterized by random, rapid movements of the eyes, increased brain activity, and temporary muscle paralysis. It is during this stage of sleep that most dreaming takes place. During non-REM sleep, the body goes through a series of progressively deeper stages of relaxation, and the brain activity decreases. However, when REM sleep begins, brain activity increases to levels similar to when a person is awake.
This heightened brain activity is responsible for the vivid and sometimes bizarre dreams that people often remember upon waking. REM sleep is also essential for proper brain function, playing a crucial role in learning and memory consolidation. It allows the brain to process and organize information gathered throughout the day and store it in long-term memory. The duration of REM sleep typically increases throughout the night, with the longest periods occurring just before waking up.
In summary, during REM sleep, the brain is active, and dreams occur, making it an essential part of the sleep cycle for maintaining proper brain function and overall well-being. Therefore, the correct option is D.
The question was incomplete, Find the full content below:
during rem sleep select one:
a. heart and breathing rates slow.
b. body temperature drops.
c. digestive processes speed up.
d. the brain is active and dreams occur.
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the ability to effectively handle the demands of the id, the superego, and external reality is known as
The ability to effectively handle the demands of the id, the superego, and external reality is known as ego strength.
Ego strength is a highly accurate indicator of mental health in general and can be one of the main outcomes of effective therapy. It speaks to our self-assurance and toughness in the face of pressure, conflict, or other difficulties.
Thus, a person with a strong ego is one who can put up with stress and frustration, put off satisfying selfish desires, change those desires when necessary, and resolve internal conflicts and emotional issues before they develop into neurosis. Contrast the egotism. According to Bentley, having an ego can also help you maintain your composure when things go wrong. An appropriately used ego can also advance our development.
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the party organization, the party in government, and the party in the electorate are considered group of answer choices three necessary components to form a party system. three necessary conditions for conditional party government. three separate and largely independent pieces that compose american political parties. three connected components that make up a realignment.
The party organization, the party in government, and the party in the electorate are the three distinct and largely autonomous components that make up American political parties.
Political parties are formalized associations of individuals who have comparable views on the proper functions and priorities of a government. These parties run candidates for office and promote policies that reflect their values to obtain political power. A political party in the US is an organized collection of people that works to influence the government by choosing candidates for elected office and supporting ideas and principles that are similar to their own.
The official structure of the political party, which includes national, state, and local committees as well as employees, volunteers, and supporters, is referred to as the party organization. The term "party in government" refers to the group of political party members who have been elected to office, including members of Congress, governors, and other state and municipal leaders. The term "party in the electorate" refers to the group of people who identify with a certain political party and who may be associated with it by voter registration, financial support, or other means.
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developmental theorists view criminality as a dynamic process, influenced by social experiences and individual characteristics. which approach is not a key developmental theory?
The trait theory approach is not a crucial theory of criminal development.
According to the trait theory, some psychological qualities, such impulsivity or poor self-control, are persistent attributes that make people more likely to commit crimes over the course of their lives.
Developmental theories of crime, in contrast, see criminal behavior as a dynamic process driven by a range of social events and evolving personal traits. These theories place a strong emphasis on the significance of early experiences, the impact of peer groups, the significance of life events and transitions, and the interaction of personal traits and environmental circumstances in the development of criminal conduct. Life-course theory, social learning theory, and the general theory of crime are a few prominent examples of developmental theories of criminality.
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symptoms of schizophrenia that represent deficits or covert symptoms are referred to as group of answer choices
Symptoms of schizophrenia that represent deficits or covert symptoms are referred to as group of negative symptoms.
The symptoms of schizophrenia can be broadly classified into two categories: positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms are those that involve the presence of abnormal experiences or behaviors, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech.
Negative symptoms, on the other hand, are those that involve the absence or reduction of normal experiences or behaviors, such as emotional expression, motivation, and social functioning.
Within the category of negative symptoms, there is a subgroup of symptoms that are often referred to as deficit or covert symptoms.
Deficit symptoms are so called because they represent a deficit or lack of normal functioning in certain areas. These symptoms include alogia, avolition.
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This question is incomplete, the complete question is - symptoms of schizophrenia that represent deficits or covert symptoms are referred to as group of answer choices -
A. Negative symptoms
B. Positive symptoms
C. Covert symptoms
individuals from a lower social-economic class may have resentments of external controls, whether parents, teachers, or police, is related to what focal concern
The focal concern related to individuals from a lower socioeconomic class having resentments of external controls is "autonomy."
Autonomy is a focal concern related to the sense of independence and self-determination. It is the idea that individuals, especially those from a lower socioeconomic class, may feel a sense of resentment towards external controls such as parents, teachers, or police who they feel limit their ability to make decisions for themselves.
This can lead to a desire for autonomy and a resistance to authority. This concept is often studied in the field of criminology and is one of the focal concerns that has been identified as contributing to criminal behavior among individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
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according to research by fredrickson and levenson (1998), how does the experience of positive affect following a negative experience have an undoing effect?
Fredrickson and Levenson (1998) proposed an undo hypothesis that suggests this. The physiological effects of positive emotions may/might only be noticeable in the presence of negative emotions.
This means that positive emotions can reverse the effects of negative emotions on a person's physiology, instead of eliciting specific physiological responses. Increased heart rate and increased blood pressure.
When participants were placed in an anxious mood, those subsequently placed in a positive mood returned to physiological baseline faster than those placed in a negative or neutral mood (Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998 Fredrickson, Mancuso, Branigan, & Tugade, 2000). In addition, positive influences have been shown to increase immune responses and reduce stress hormones in response to illness and crisis (Pressman & Cohen, 2005).
If positive emotions can reverse the physiological effects of negative emotions, it is probably positive emotions will have similar effects on an individual's cognitive abilities. The aim of the current study was to measure the effects of negative and positive mood on human cognitive function as measured by reaction time and accuracy on a classification task.
When the undo hypothesis is applied to cognitive function, the subsequent induction of a positive emotion and another negative or neutral emotion reverses the effects of negative influences on reaction time and accuracy. increase. It is never inverted by state induction.
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lem is looking at new cars. each one he sees has a certain trim detail across the hood which he somewhat likes at the start of the day. at the end of the day, and fifteen cars later, he really likes the detail. his opinion is influenced by the group of answer choices
It sounds like Lem's opinion of the trim detail across the hood of the cars he is looking at has been influenced by the mere exposure effect.
In Lem's case, seeing multiple vehicles with the same hood trim detail throughout the day has made him more acquainted with it, and thus more likely to develop a liking for it. Even if individuals are not consciously aware of the repeated exposure, this effect can occur.
It's worth noting that other variables, such as the overall design of the car or Lem's personal preferences, could be influencing his view of the trim detail. However, the simple exposure impact could be one factor.
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maria and mark are co-workers. mark takes a long lunch almost every day and tells maria that it is not a big deal because everyone does it. one day, while mark is away at lunch, his boss comes looking for him. the boss asks maria if she has seen mark. maria knows that if mark loses his job, he will not be able to pay his son's hospital bills, but she does not want to lie to the boss as well. using a standard of moral relativism, what would most likely be her response to the boss?
In moral relativism, there is no universal standard for right and wrong. It suggests that moral principles are relative to individuals, cultures, and historical contexts. Therefore, the response of Maria to the boss's question would depend on her personal values and beliefs.
Given that she thinks Mark's behaviour is what everyone else is doing and that it is socially and culturally appropriate at her job, Maria might find Mark's actions to be acceptable.
Knowing that Mark has a sick child and might face financial hardship if he loses his work, Maria might decide to cover for him by telling his boss a lie in this situation. She would base her choice on her own moral principles of devotion and consideration for her coworker.
Maria may, on the other hand, put honesty and ethics before loyalty to her coworker. In this situation, Maria might be honest with the employer and say that Mark hasn't yet come back from his lunch break.
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