please help me im literally so confused

Answer:

Cells are extremely small.

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D. a) propanoyl chloride with (1) AlCl3 and (2) H2O b) Br2 / heat or light.

What is a reagent?

A reagent is a substance that is used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. Reagents are used in many different industries, including pharmaceuticals, environmental testing, and materials science. Reagents can be in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas, and are generally made from a combination of elements, compounds, or mixtures.

a) The reaction of propanoyl chloride with AlCl3 and H2O can be represented as follows:

AlCl3 + H2O + Propanoyl Chloride → Al(OH)3 + HCl + Propanoic Acid

This reaction involves substitution of the chlorine atom in the propanoyl chloride molecule with a hydroxide ion from the AlCl3/H2O mixture.

b) Br2 / heat or light cannot be used to react with propanoyl chloride, as this reaction would require the breaking of the carbon-chlorine bond. This is not possible using Br2 / heat or light.

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The limiting reactant is O2.

To determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the number of moles of each reactant present.

First, we convert the given masses of phosphorus and oxygen to moles:

25.0 g of P4 = 25.0 g / (123.8 g/mol) = 0.202 mol

50.0 g of O2 = 50.0 g / (32.00 g/mol) = 1.5625 mol

Next, we use the balanced equation for the reaction to determine the stoichiometry of each reactant:

P4 + 5O2 → P4O10

From the equation, we can see that for every one mole of P4, 5 moles of O2 are required.

We can then compare the number of moles of each reactant present:

0.202 mol P4 / 1 mol P4 = 0.202

1.5625 mol O2 / 5 mol O2 = 0.3125

We can see that the number of moles of O2 is less than the number of moles of P4 required by the reaction, so the limiting reactant is O2.

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Option (c) is correct. K atom has the largest radius as the atomic size decreases from across the period and potassium is located in the start of period 3  in the periodic table.

According to the Periodic table, atomic size decreases when going from left to right across a period. Atomic size increases when going from top to bottom down a group. If you look at elements that are located in the same group, potassium will have a larger atomic radius when compared with sodium and  chlorine. Since potassium is located at the start of period 3, potassium will have a larger atomic radius and thus the largest atomic radius of the four given atoms. Atomic radii vary in a predictable way across the periodic table. From top to bottom in a group, orbitals corresponding to higher values of the principal quantum number (n) are being added, which are on average further away from the nucleus, thus causing the size of the atom to increase.

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The amount, in grams of Pb that would be required to make 119 g of [tex]H_2O[/tex] will be 685.17 grams.

The balanced equation of the reaction would be as follows:

[tex]Pb+PbO_2+2H_2SO_4--- > 2PbSO_4+2H_2O[/tex]

The mole ratio of Pb to [tex]H_2O[/tex] is 1:2.

Recall that, mole = mass/molar mass.

Molar mass of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 18 g/mol

Mole of 119 g of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 119/18 = 6.61 mol

From the established mole ratio, the equivalent mole of Pb that would be required will be:

1/2 x 6.61 = 3.31 mol

Mass = mole x molar mass

The molar mass of Pb is 207 g/mol

Mass of 3.31 mol Pb = 3.31 x 207

                                  = 685.17 grams

In other words, the amount of Pb that would be required to make 119 g of [tex]H_2O[/tex] according to the illustrated reaction will be 685.17 grams.

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Answer:

-heat and pressure is your answer

Both heat and pressure contributes to the change of igneous or sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock.

Explanation:

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The arrangement of the particles in a substance affects its properties because the arrangement of the particles determines the interactions between the particles.

The arrangement of the particles affects the properties of a substance because the interactions between the particles determine the overall characteristics of the substance.

For example, if the particles in a substance are arranged in an orderly, crystalline structure, the inter-particle forces are strong, making the material harder and more rigid. On the other hand, if the particles are arranged in a disordered, amorphous structure, the inter-particle forces are weaker, making the material softer and more malleable.

The arrangement of the particles also affects the physical and chemical properties of the substance. If the particles are arranged in a crystalline structure, the substance will have a higher melting point, boiling point, and hardness than if the particles were arranged in an amorphous structure.

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Using a method known as water displacement, gases created during laboratory experiments are frequently collected. To obtain the accurate value of the gas's pressure .

The vapor pressure caused by water in a sample can be compensated for. The gas is not pure since it is combined with water vapor from evaporating water because it is gathered above water. By deducting the contribution of the water vapor, one may apply Dalton's law to determine how much of the desired gas is present: P total equals Pg plus PH 2O. The required gas's pressure is P g. Pg = P Total + P H 2 O List the known quantities and make a plan for the issue. pressure in the atmosphere. A water pan is filled with a bottle that has been turned upside down and filled with water. Rubber tubing that is attached to the reaction flask and supplied underneath the water bottle.

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Answer:

A climograph is a graphical representation of the climate of a particular location over a period of time. It typically shows the average temperature and precipitation for a specific location over the course of a year, with the temperature plotted on the y-axis and the months of the year plotted on the x-axis.

The primary function of a climograph is to provide a visual representation of the climate of a particular location, which can be useful for understanding the weather patterns and temperature ranges that are typical for that location. Climographs can also be useful for comparing the climate of different locations, as they provide a convenient way to see how temperature and precipitation patterns differ from one place to another.

The protein concentration is higher than that of interstitial fluid. The intracellular fluid (ICF) is the fluid inside cells, and is composed of water, electrolytes, and organic molecules.

The intracellular fluid (ICF) is the fluid inside cells, and is composed of water, electrolytes, and organic molecules. Common properties of ICF include high concentrations of potassium ions and low concentrations of chloride ions compared to interstitial fluid. The protein concentration of ICF is lower than that of interstitial fluid.

The protein concentration is higher than that of interstitial fluid.

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Answer:

Energy is released because the temperature of the surroundings increases.

Explanation:

"Energy is released because the temperature of the surroundings increases" is true because when the temperature of the hot pack increases, that means that energy (heat/thermal) is being released.

"Energy is taken in because the temperature of the surroundings increases" is false because energy is actually being released in this chemical reaction.

"Energy is taken in because all chemical reactions take in energy" is false because energy is being released in this reaction and not all chemical reactions absorb energy.

"Energy is released because all chemical reactions release energy" is false because not all chemical reactions release energy.

Answer:

pH = 8.92

Explanation:

To solve this question we must know that the reaction of KOH with HC3H5O2 is:

KOH + HC3H5O2 → H2O + KC3H5O2

At equivalence point, all propanoic acid reacts to produce KC3H5O2.

This KC3H5O2 = C3H5O2⁻ is in equilibrium in water as follows:

C3H5O2⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) → OH⁻(aq) + HC3H5O2(aq)

Where Kb = Kw / ka = 1x10⁻¹⁴/ 1.34x10⁻⁵ = 7.46x10⁻¹⁰

is defined as:

Kb = 7.46x10⁻¹⁰ = [OH⁻] [HC3H5O2] / [C3H5O2⁻]

As both [OH⁻] [HC3H5O2] ions comes from the same equilibrium,

[OH⁻] = [HC3H5O2] = X

[C3H5O2⁻] is:

Moles KOH = Moles C3H5O2⁻:

0.0325L * (0.15mol / L) = 0.004875 moles

In 32.5 + 20mL = 52.5mL = 0.0525L:

0.004875 moles / 0.0525L = 0.09286M.

Replacing:

7.46x10⁻¹⁰ = [X] [X] / [0.09286M]

6.927x10⁻¹¹ = X²

X = 8.323x10⁻⁶M = [OH-]

As pOH = -log [OH-]

pOH = 5.08

pH = 14 -pOH

The percent yield of water vapor is 1000%, which is not possible and this is an indication that the experiment has not been done accurately or there is an error in the data, or the reaction is not a complete reaction.

To calculate the percent yield of a reaction, you need to know the theoretical yield (the maximum amount of product that could be produced based on the balanced equation) and the actual yield (the amount of product that was actually produced in the lab). To find the theoretical yield, you can use the balanced equation for the reaction and the amount of reactant that was used.

The balanced equation for the decomposition of iron(III) hydroxide is:
Fe(OH)3 --> Fe2O3 + H2O

We are given that 8.0 g of Fe(OH)3 was used in the reaction.
From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of Fe(OH)3 that reacts, 1 mole of H2O is produced.

The molar mass of Fe(OH)3 is 106 g/mol
so the amount of moles of Fe(OH)3 is 8.0 g / 106 g/mol = 0.075 moles

The theoretical yield of H2O would then be 0.075 moles.

We also know that 0.75 L of H2O is isolated at STP, which is equivalent to 0.75 moles of H2O.

The percent yield can be calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield, and multiplying by 100%.

% yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100%

% yield = (0.75 moles / 0.075 moles) * 100%
% yield = 10 * 100%
% yield = 1000%

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Answer:

This formula contains 12 oxygen atoms.

Answer: Aufbau Principle

Explanation:

Aufbau Principle - states that lower energy orbits must be completely filled before moving onto a higher energy level

Hund's Rule - pairing rule; all boxes in the level must be given one arrow before adding a second arrow

Pauli Exclusion Principle - each box must contain two arrows pointing in different directions

This question doesn't completely fill the 1s level before moving onto the next 2s level. Therefore, the digram violates the Aufbau Principle.

[tex]\huge{\textbf{\textsf{{\color{navy}{An}}{\purple{sw}}{\pink{er}} {\color{pink}{:}}}}}[/tex]

(1) 7

The value of pH which indicates the most basic character of the solution is 11.

pH is define as the negative logarithm of the concentration of H⁺ ions present in any solution.

It is mainly used to define the acidity or basicity of any solution, and its value ranges from 0 to 14 means from most acidic nature to most basic nature. So, the highest value shows the basic character of the solution.

Hence option (4) is correct i.e. 11.

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Equilibrium constant K= 44.8 for H₂ + I₂ → 2HI Equimolar reactants, HI = 0.50M, H₂ = 5.6×10⁻³ M. The correct option is e.

given equilibrium constant (K) and the equilibrium concentration of the product HI = 0.50M

balanced equation for the reaction

H₂ + I₂ → 2HI

K =[tex]\frac{HI^{2} }{[H_{2][I_{2}] } }[/tex]

K=44.8 and [HI]=0.50M

[H₂] = [tex]\frac{[HI]^{2} }{K}[/tex]

[H₂] =[tex]\frac{(0.50M)^{2} }{44.8}[/tex]

[H₂] ≈0.0056M

equilibrium concentration of hydrogen is 0.0056M sa per the given reaction.

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Answer: aerodynamic force

Explanation:

The time-varying aerodynamic force causes the ball to move erratically. This motion is the source of the "dancing" knuckleball that confuses both batters and catchers alike.

Given :

Temperature in Celsius is 20 degree.

To Find :

The value of same temperature in Fahrenheit.

Solution :

It is given that temperature in Fahrenheit can be found by :

[tex]F = \dfrac{9}{5}C + 32[/tex]

Putting value of C = 20 in above equation, we get :

[tex]F = \dfrac{9}{5}\times 20 + 32\\\\F = 68 \ F[/tex]

Therefore, the value in Fahrenheit is 68 F .

At equivalence, the number of moles of methylamine and HCl are equal, and the pH of the solution is 4.76.

At equivalence, the number of moles of methylamine and HCl are equal, so we can use the equation:

n(CH3NH2) = n(HCl)

0.2108M * 110.0mL = 0.4152M * V

V = 52.4mL

Total volume of the solution: 110.0mL + 52.4mL = 162.4mL

We can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH at equivalence:

pH = pKb + log([CH3NH2]/[HCl])

pH = 3.36 + log(0.2108M/(0.2108M + 0.4152M))

pH = 3.36 + log(0.2108M/(0.6259M))

pH = 3.36 + log(0.3389)

pH = 3.36 + (-0.4719)

pH = 4.76

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Answer:

chemical change

Explanation:

Ash is formed as result of burning of paper which is a new product. Chemical change a new substance must form.

Answer: chemical change

Explanation: A chemical change is irreversible and also leads to the formation of a new substance. Burning paper leads to the formation of Ash. And a burnt paper can't be made to return to it's original form.

Dissolve NaOH into the Solution will - Increased E

Increase the temperature - Increased E

Increase the amount of [tex]PbCl_{2}[/tex] - No change in E

Dilute the solution by adding [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] - Increased E              

E= Voltage or the electromotive force generated in the cell

Dissolving NaOH will increase the conductivity and number of ions in the cell and Increases E .  Adding water also increases the presence of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in the solution and Increases E.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

just took the test

Answer:

A.) The change in enthalpy when 1 mol of a gaseous ion becomes fully hydrated

Explanation:

Got it right on edge

Answer: The chemical equation you have listed is nonane. However, I have inculded a screen shot that explains what each aswer option is so you can verify.

Explanation:

The number of moles of Ag that forms from 5.0 moles of Zn is 10 moles.

The number of moles of a substance can be calculated stoichiometrically as follows;

Stoichiometry is the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).

According to this question, silver nitrate reacts with zinc to produce silver and zinc nitrate as follows:

2AgNO₃ + Zn → 2Ag + Zn(NO₃)₂

Based on the equation above, 1 mole of Zn produces 2 moles of silver.

Hence, 5 moles of Zn will produce 10 moles of Ag.

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0.0080 grams are in 0.89 moles of CaCI₂.

The mole (M) is defined as it contain exactly 6.023 × 10²³ elementary entities present in it. 1 mole is exactly equal to the 6.023 × 10²³ elementary entities.

We can solve the above problem as follows;

So,

1 Mole of substance = Molar mass of the substance.

The given compound named is Calcium Chloride.

Then,

Molar mass of Calcium chloride = 1 mole

Molar mass of CaCl₂ = 40 + 2 × 35.4

= 110.9g/mol

Therefore,

110.9 grams of CaCl₂ = 1 mole

1 gram of CaCl₂ = 1 / 110.9

0.89 grams of CaCl₂

= 1 / 110 ×  0.89

= 0.0080 grams

Thus, 0.0080 grams are in 0.89 moles of CaCI₂.

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