PBS Evolution: Great Transformations

1. If the world’s history were compressed into one hour, how long have humans been here?

Microbes. Single-celled organisms


2. How long ago did mammals first appear on earth?

Mammals first appeared about 200 million years ago

3. What type of animal did the skull that Dr. Gingrich discovered resemble?

Dr. Gingrich discovered resembled a whale

4. What did "Whale Valley" used to be?

Whale valley is a


5. What unusual feature did they find at the end of the early tetrapods’ limbs?


6. How long ago did animals first appear on Earth?


7. When the mouse "eyeless" gene was implanted into the fruit flies, what happened?


8. How would walking on two legs be an advantage?


9. What modifications does the human skeleton have?

Humans has the same transformation as other animals even though humans are special.


10. Summary/reflection:

Answers

Answer 1

Given that whales and other mammals resembled other mammals in terms of their skulls and other sculptures, based on the fossil evidence, humans have undergone evolutionary transitions.

The transition from land animals to whales is one of the most well-known instances of a supposed change cited by the evolution contingency in the opening of the program. The fossils of Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rhodocetus, Dorontid, and Basilosaurus show that this transition can be explained. Pakicetus only has a small portion of its cranium to display, as opposed to a whole transitional fossil.

The program portrays Ambulocetus as a fully preserved fossil of an aquatic mammal with legs, yet this is a stretch of the fact because the animal's skeleton was actually discovered to be extremely fragmented. Rhodocetus is solely represented in the series by a skull.

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Related Questions

2. Which material is found near yolcanoes?
A. Coal
B. Oil
C. Freshwater
D. Metal

Answers

Answer:

the answer is D. Metal..

Answer:

Metal

Explanation:

The viscosity of the synovial fluid is due to synoviocyte secretion of mucopolysaccharide, which contains:

Answers

The viscosity of the synovial fluid is due to the secretion of mucopolysaccharides by synoviocytes. These mucopolysaccharides are composed of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, and heparin sulphate.

The viscosity of synovial fluid is due to the secretion of mucopolysaccharides (MPS) by synoviocytes. These MPS are composed of three main components: hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, and heparin sulphate. Hyaluronic acid is a linear polysaccharide that is an essential component of the extracellular matrix of the joint. It plays an important role in lubricating and cushioning the joint, and it is believed to be responsible for the viscosity of the synovial fluid.

Chondroitin sulphate, another component of the MPS, is a glycosaminoglycan that helps to maintain the structural integrity of the joint and acts as a shock absorber. Lastly, heparin sulphate is a polysaccharide that helps to regulate the coagulation of the synovial fluid, thus preventing it from becoming too thick.

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Part A Bipotential state Which of the following statements best describes the bipotential state of a developing fetus? Hints O a stage of development when the internal and external reproductive organs have developed into both male and female O a stage of development when the internal and external reproductive organs are only female O a stage of development when the internal and external reproductive organs are only male O a stage of development when the internal and external reproductive organs have the potential to be either male or female

Answers

The Bipotential state of the growing fetus is a stage of development when the internal and external reproductive organs have the potential to be either male or female. Correct option(C)

During fetal development after two months the generation of sex organs or gonads take place to determine the sex of the growing fetus.

Until about two months after fertilization the immature gonads of human embryos are potential means that they can develop either into testes or ovaries. Undifferentiated gonads of XX or XY individuals are apparently identical and can form either ovaries or testes.

This period of Bipotential stage is also known as indifferent stage of gonads development.

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What is the correct term for variation in characteristics within populations of the same species?

Answers

Phenotypic variation is the differences among the genomes of different members of the same species. A genome is composed of all the hereditary information, all the genes of an organism.

What is Phenotypic variation?

Phenotypic variation is the variability in phenotypes which exists in a population. These are the result of genetic variation in an individual. For example, people come in all types of shapes and sizes including height, weight, and body shape are the common phenotypes that vary. Hair, eye color, and the ability to roll the tongue are observable variable phenotypes, too.

Phenotypic variation is the sum total of all the variations in characteristics within populations of the same species. In contrast, the genotypic variation is the sum total of all the variations such as allele frequency which are present in the genome of populations of the same species.

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How does an increase in cell size affect ratio of surface area?

Answers

As the cell radius increases, the surface area increases as the radius squared, but the volume increases as the radius cubed (much faster). Therefore, as the cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.

Cell proliferation reduces the surface area to volume ratio. This is because as a cell grows, its volume (its internal contents) increases faster than its surface area (its cell membrane).

As cells grow larger, the surface area to volume ratio decreases dramatically, similar to an agar cube. Larger cells have to transport substances across membranes, but they deliver a larger volume and a proportionately smaller surface area.

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Researchers have found a general relationship between testicular cancer and exercise.Increased exercise is associated with a decrease in incidence of testicular cancer.However,a positive relationship (increased incidence of testicular cancer)was found between testicular cancer and riding bikes or horses.Several factors might be hypothesized to bring about this result.Which of these hypotheses is properly related to a prediction that arises from it?
A) Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses causes trauma to the testes.Prediction: Bike or horse riding will cause testes to shrink.
B) Hypothesis: The seat on bikes and the saddle on horses are made of material containing chemicals that damage testicular cells.Prediction: Chemicals found in bike seats or horse saddles damage testicular cells.
C) Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses increases scrotal temperature,which damages testicular cells.Prediction: Bike riders are more likely to wear briefs than boxers as their underwear of choice.
D) Hypothesis: Mutations that lead to testicular cancer make men more likely to ride bikes or horses.Prediction: Men who ride bikes or horses have a higher rate of mutations than nonriders.

Answers

Answer:

fiduciary Goodison is p does em is p dk by hi us

Which type of cells do all sense organs contain?

Answers

Answer:

The sense organs contain groups of specialised cells called receptor cells which produce electrical impulses in response to specific stimuli.

Explanation:

The type of cells all sense organs contain is receptor cells.

What is receptor cells?

Receptor cells are proteins that are found in plasma membrane or inside cells that receive electric impulses from the brain.

Therefore, The type of cells all sense organs contain is receptor cells.

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pleaase help im stuck and do the paragraph
Conservation Models Activity


You have explored some informative examples of models. Now it's time to get creative and make your own model. Here is the requirement checklist for your model:
• Model types can include drawings, diagrams, physical models, virtual simulations, or videos.
• Model must be created by you, not something selected from an online or outside source.
• Submit a presentation, picture, video, or screenshot of your model.
• Submit a one-paragraph summary describing the topic you chose, your model, what it represents, how you made it, and the specific science involved. It is important that you are using science terminology and are accurate.
Now that you know how to create and submit your model, you will need to choose a topic for your model. Choose one of the three topics listed below. Select each topic for an overview.
Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. You should use multiple parts of the carbon cycle to demonstrate this cycle.

Answers

there yall go i got a 100 on this :)

which of these is a structural adaptation a.) a pointed beak b.) swarming, c.) the ability to hunt, d.) migrating

Answers

Explanation:

Option A is the correct i.e a pointed beak .

Which of the following is not a factor in the regulation of cell division in normal cells?
a. Growth factors enter the cell nucleus
b. Signals are transduced from cell surface to cell nucleus
c. Transcription factors are recruited
d. Growth-inhibiting factors promote the synthesis of proteins that inhibit cell division

Answers

Growth factors entering the cell nucleus are not a factor in the cell division regulation in normal cells. Therefore, option a is correct.

The word "growth factor" refers to a group of gene products that are crucial in controlling cell division and tissue proliferation. There is a unique cell receptor for each growth factor.

Growth factors can act on particular cell surface receptors, which then relay their signals to various intracellular components and ultimately lead to altered gene expression. When a growth factor binds to a receptor, cell division can begin or be blocked in particular circumstances.

They attach to the receptor and function as signaling molecules. To have the desired effect, the activated receptor in turn activates an intracellular protein. They don't enter the cell nucleus instead act on the cell surface receptors.

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True or False: Growing crops raises the carbon levels and causes global warming.

Answers

Answer:

For rainfed wheat grown in more arid climates, such as southern Africa and India, results show that doubled carbon dioxide levels, and their associated climate change impacts, increase yield by 8 percent, an increase that's driven by improved crop water productivity of up to 50 percent. true

Explanation: do you want one?

Growing crops does not raise the carbon levels and does not cause global warming ;  ( i.e. the statement in the question is  False ).

Crops/plant make use of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during photosynthesis, releasing oxygen and energy into the atmosphere as a by product from photosynthesis.

Global warming is caused by the presence of green house gases in the atmosphere and the removal of CO₂ by plants from the atmosphere during photosynthesis helps with reduction of a green house gas ( CO₂ ).

Hence we can conclude that Growing crops does not raise the carbon levels and does not cause global warming .

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Please help me with biology works
I need this ASAP

Answers

Answer:

H

Explanation:

I can’t even see the questions

What are protons. in your own words

Answers

Answer:

a particle with a positive charge that is in the nucleus of an atom

Explanation:

help me on this question and NOOOOO LINKSS

Answers

Answer:

the first one

Explanation:

parasites are usually much more numerous than their hosts, but predators are usually less numerous than their prey.

Im not 100% sure its just what i think it is

I mostly think it's B, because parasites give effects on their host but not at the same time.

Controlled variable to the science experiment, “are fingerprints inherited?”

Answers

The controlled variable to the science experiment 'are fingerprints inherited' may include the use of molecular markers of known molecular size.

What is a controlled variable in a science experiment?

A controlled variable in a science experiment is any condition that remains constant along the experiment and thus serves to make comparisons with the target experimental groups such as in this case the use of samples of individuals containing molecular markers of known molecular size, which allow us to identify the alleles of polymorphism in the sample after electrophoresis agarose gel and visualization under UV light.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that a controlled variable in a science experiment is any condition that stays the same in the experiment, and therefore it can be used to determine the presence or absence of a given allele in a DNA fingerprint.

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A young goat has downward-curved horns. Its father has upward-curved horns while its mother has downward-curved horns. Which of these statements is the explanation?

Answers

A young goat has downward-curved horns. One copy of the gene for horn shape was passed down to the young goat from its father and one copy from its mother is the explanation.

A ratio of dominant to recessive traits is the result of the gene combination from the parents, as stated by Mendel's second law of inheritance, which states that a pair of traits segregate independently of another pair during gamete formation. In phenotype sharing, the offspring will only exhibit the dominant trait when parents with required traits are crossed together. This suggests that the dominant mother and not the dominant father passed on the horn-shaped gene to the young goat.

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Why is eating a well balanced healthy diet important? What are some of the consequences or risks to an unhealthy diet?

*1 paragraph answer*

Answers

A balanced diet is necessary for both good nutrition and health. Over time, poor nutrition can increase the chance of contracting certain diseases and other health issues, as well as stress, fatigue, and our ability to function.

Why is eating a well balanced healthy diet important?

A balanced diet is necessary for both good nutrition and health. You are shielded from a variety of degenerative noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.

A balanced diet that limits salt, sugar, saturated fats, and trans fats from industrial production is crucial for good health.

How Does Poor Nutrition Affect Us?

Our capacity to live a fulfilling and active life can be hampered by poor nutrition, which can also affect our everyday health and wellness.

Over time, poor nutrition can increase the risk of contracting certain diseases and other health issues, such as being overweight or obese or having tooth decay. In the short term, poor nutrition can increase tension, fatigue, and our ability to work. blood pressure is high. elevated cholesterol Type-2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis, and certain malignancies disordered eating and depression.

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What are some of the strategies which can be used on an individual with chronic disease to enable change of behaviour overtime?

Answers

When it comes to helping individuals with chronic diseases to change their behaviors and habits, some of the most effective strategies include:

Education: Educating the individual about the condition, the risks of not changing their behaviors, and the potential benefits of changing them.Goal Setting: Helping the individual to set realistic, achievable goals for behavior change, and then providing support and encouragement throughout the process.Self-Monitoring: Encouraging the individual to track their progress in making changes to their behaviors, either through physical notebooks or via apps.Motivation: Offering incentives and rewards for positive behavior change, such as giving praise or offering rewards for small successes.Social Support: Helping the individual to build a support network of friends and family who can provide motivation, assistance, and accountability throughout the process.Cognitive Restructuring: Helping the individual to identify and challenge the negative thoughts and beliefs that may be contributing to the negative behaviors, and replacing them with more positive and helpful thoughts.Problem-Solving: Working with the individual to develop strategies for overcoming obstacles that may be standing in the way of making changes.

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Someone please help me I’ll give out brainliest please dont answer if you don’t know

Answers

Answer:

hi

Explanation:

what else is there a video on what to do???

La meteorizacion mecánica se lleva a cabo por fuerzas físicas mientras que la meteorizacion química transforma en compuestos nuevos la roca.

Answers

Answer:

Si.

Explicación:

La meteorización mecánica transforma la roca mediante el uso de fuerzas físicas, mientras que la meteorización química transforma la roca en nuevos compuestos con el uso de productos químicos. Hay ciertos productos químicos que rompen los enlaces entre las partículas de roca que conducen a la erosión de la roca. Los productos químicos presentes en la lluvia y el agua en movimiento que reaccionan con las rocas y los minerales cuando entran en contacto provocan que la roca cambie o debilite.

What would happen if the active site of an enzyme has a different shape ?

Answers

If the enzyme changes shape, the active site may no longer be able to bind to the right substrate, which would slow down the activity. In response to abrupt pH and temperature fluctuations, enzymes eventually denature.

Enzymes accelerate processes by reducing the activation energy of certain reactions, just like other catalysts do. The rate of substrate to product conversion can be multiplied by ten by some enzymes. Orotidine 5'-phosphate carboxylase is an extreme example, accelerating a reaction from millions of years to milliseconds. Enzymes are similar to any catalyst chemically speaking and neither consume substances in chemical reactions nor change the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes are much more specialized catalysts than the majority of other catalysts.

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Help please?!!!???!????!??!??????????????!??!?!

Answers

Answer:

here is your answer

Explanation:

C.

it may be

Answer:

it is negatively charged

what are in the synaptic knobs that then travel across the synaptic cleft to initiate a response in the next cell

Answers

Neurotransmitter molecules penetrate the synaptic cleft and attach to receptor proteins on postsynaptic cells.

Synapses can be thought of as converting an electrical signal (the action potential) into a chemical signal in the form of neurotransmitter release, and then switching the signal back into an electrical form when the transmitter binds to the postsynaptic receptor.

These stimulate the production of "neurotransmitters," which pass the impulse across the "synapse to the next neuron." After a nerve impulse releases "neurotransmitters," these "chemical messengers" travel over the tiny "synaptic gap" and are taken up by specialized receptors on the surface of the next cell.

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What are the 2 main causes of genetic variation in populations?

Answers

Gene flow as well as genetic drift seem to be the two primary drivers of genetic variability.

Genetic variations are adjustments or alterations that occur in the gene order of DNA. Those genetic variants were critical since these drive most living things' evolution. The two primary variables that determine genetic diversity in a population are DNA mutation and sexual reproduction.

A genetic mutation is a change in the DNA sequencing of a gene that leads in the synthesis of a distinct type of product. Through sexual reproduction, two people contribute individual germ cells to produce kids. Variations occur as a result of the offspring acquiring DNA from either parent.

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7. What is the name of the mutation in which every codon in the
sequence got changed?

Answers

Answer: A missense mutation changes the identity of a codon from one amino acid to another, resulting in a change to the protein primary structure. A silent mutation occurs when a mutation does not change the amino acid coded for by that codon.

Explanation:

How cloud computing reduces energy consumption?

Answers

Cloud computing can reduce energy consumption by optimizing the physical environment (think cloud computing facilities in cold climates), cutting the power spent to cool the servers.

Cloud computing has several advantages. B. Businesses can efficiently store, protect, and analyze large amounts of data. Cloud computing can significantly reduce energy consumption, waste, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The

data center is best known for cloud computing and contains a collection of servers that store business information and run applications.

Idle servers and resources in data centers waste a lot of energy. Energy is wasted when the server is overloaded. There are few techniques for load balancing, VM virtualization, VM migration, resource allocation, job scheduling, etc. used to solve the problem.

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Needs help ASAP
Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?

A. A string of three bases within an RNA molecule codes for a specific amino acid

B. A string of amino acids bonds together to form a protein that controls a trait

C. A bacterial cell produces human insulin because human DNA has been added to the bacterial DNA

D. And the nucleus of a human cell DNA strands separate and are used as a template for new RNA molecules

Answers

A bacterial cell produces human insulin because human DNA has been added to the bacterial DNA is an example of genetic engineering.

What do you mean by genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology.

For example, genetic engineering may involve adding a gene from one species to an organism from a different species to produce a desired trait. Used in research and industry, genetic engineering has been applied to the production of cancer therapies.

Genetic engineering is accomplished in three basic steps. These are (1) The isolation of DNA fragments from a donor organism; (2) The insertion of an isolated donor DNA fragment into a vector genome and (3) The growth of a recombinant vector in an appropriate host.

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In your own words, describe what happens when a flat sign is put in front of a pitch and how the sound is affected.

Answers

Answer:

When a flat is put in front of a pitch it raises the pitch of the original note by a half step, a flat lowers the pitch of a note by one half step.

Explanation:

Shearing or tearing forces are placed on the organs and their supportive tissues in the mechanism of injury called

Answers

Mechanism of injury or MOI alludes to the technique by which harm (injury) to skin, muscles, organs, and bones happens. Medical services suppliers use MOI to assist with deciding how likely it is that a significant injury has happened.

Mechanism of injury (MOI) explicitly alludes to the technique by which injury and its related powers straightforwardly or in a roundabout way influence the human body. MOI suggests a particular exchange of energy from one source (for example the climate) to another (for example the human body).

The Mechanism of injury is the manner by which a physical issue was or may have been maintained. This is the general activity, openness or occasion that best portrays the conditions that did or may have brought about the most serious injury or infection. This is alluded to as the Take a chance with Calculate the gamble evaluation module.

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where were fossils found in the mississippian time period

Answers

Answer:

Mississippian fossils are abundant in portions of the Midwest and South and include vast beds of limestone and marble.

Explanation:

For example, the domed ceiling of the Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C., is made of Indiana limestone that was deposited during the Mississippian Period.By the end of the Carboniferous, reptiles had migrated well toward the interior of Pangea. These early pioneers went on to spawn the archosaurs, pelycosaurs, and therapsids of the ensuing Permian period. (It was the archosaurs that went on to spawn the first dinosaurs nearly a hundred million years later.)

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