In your biology career, you may come across people attempting to use the Second Law of Thermodynamics to discredit the idea of evolution. Their argument goes something like this: The theory of evolution says that life evolved from smaller inorganic molecules to larger organic molecules to simple one-celled organisms to more complex multicellular organisms, moving towards more complexity and organization. But the Second Law of Thermodynamics says that entropy always increases, with everything moving towards increasing disorder. Therefore, if the Second Law is correct, then evolution is impossible. How would you respond to this argument

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Evolutionary ideas do not contradict the thermodynamic laws, these ideas explain how descent with modification enables the organisms to have enhanced metabolic responses to fight against entropy

Explanation:

Organisms fight against entropy to maintain order within their cells and thus continue life. The debate about the association between the Second Law of Thermodynamics and evolutionary ideas emerged in 1900. During this period, it has been proposed that both ideas were contradictory, since evolution decreases entropy, while the second law states that systems increase entropy over time. However, the evolution does not contradict this law, because evolutionary ideas indicate the mode by which the organisms evolve to fight against entropy (for example, by enhancing enzymes responsible for protein degradation), while the Second Law of Thermodynamics literally states that the total amount of entropy of the whole system increases over time.


Related Questions

Why don't solids, liquids, and gases leave Earth's atmosphere?
Only gases can leave the atmosphere.
O Matter on Earth is destroyed and recycled.
O Gravity keeps all matter on Earth.

Answers

Matter on earth is destroyed and recycled

Spartina, shown here, is a plant that grows along the South Carolina coast. it’s roots are often submerged in brackish water ( mixture of fresh and salt water ) as the tide rolls in and out along the shore

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

How does energy control the loss of water to a hypertonic enviorment to avoid dehydration?

A chemical that binds to a receptor with the channel directly on it is a(n _____ ?

Answers

Should be ligand intracellular receptors, binding of a ligand to a receptor changes its shape or activity.

Explain the contribution of antigenic determinant in false negative and false positive tests

Answers

Answer:

Contribution of antigenic determinant in false negative -: Popular causes of false-positive ELISA include: flu vaccine administration, presence of HLA-DR antibodies in women with multigravity, presence of rheumatoid factor. Contribution of antigenic determinant in false positive tests -: Positive RPR exam, hypergammaglobulinemia and autoimmune hepatitis (e.g. multiple myeloma).

Explanation:

Much attention has been paid to the specificity and sensitivity of this assay since regular ELISA screening of blood donors for anti-HIV antibodies was implemented. It was found that inadequate coating of the microtitre plates with HIV-antigen could lead to false negative results. It is important that the ELISA test kit manufacturers use control systems that guarantee adequate antigen coating.

Over millions of years silt washed into a lake formed layers of sedimentary rock. What type of rock was likely formedscien​

Answers

Formedscien I think

how does economics affect conservation?

Answers

Conservation Economics is the use of economics to understand the costs and benefits of sustaining natural ecosystems. Its purpose is to accomplish more widespread and lasting conservation by lowering its costs, revealing its benefits and fitting it within genuine economic development.

What happens to enzymes during digestion/when it comes into contact with our stomach acids? Not our enzymes, but the enzymes in the food.

Answers

Stomach acid activates the pepsin that digests protein into smaller proteins. Proteins are long chains of amino acids that are essential for cell growth and repair. Next, from the stomach the food moves into the small intestine where it continues to be digested by enzymes produced in the pancreas.

Write a one sentence summary about viruses .

Answers

Viruses are a form of living parasites that only thrive in hosts to reproduce and spread.

Answer:

A virus is a non-living structure that reproduces by infecting live cells (In any living organism be it a plant or animal) and killing them to spread more viruses  around to other live cells, repeating the cycle of a virus.

this is a bag that churns up the food. it contains gastric juice and hydrochloric acid. gastric juices contains an enzyme that digests protein. the acid kills germs

Answers

Answer:

Stomach

Explanation:Seems like what you are describing is the stomach. It's the first  stage of digestion and uses pepsin an enzyme that digest protein. There's also stomach muscles that move the food around.

Answer:

stoumic

Explanation:

Runners only have enough stored ATP in their muscle cells to run for about five seconds. Which answer correctly explains how the runner's body adjusts to the longer distance, for example, a marathon (42.1 km)?

Answers

Answer Options:

A: The runner's body will convert stored fat molecules into energy.

B: The runner's body will create the needed energy by breaking down proteins.

C: The runner's body will supply the needed energy by producing starch.

D: The runner's body will produce the energy by activating the Golgi apparatus.

Answer:

A: The runner's body will convert stored fat molecules into energy.

Explanation:

When the body needs energy to power cells, it uses ATP. ATP is generated by cellular respiration, which involves the breakdown of (usually) sugars by aerobic respiration.

If you exercise for a longer period such as during long distance running, your body will use more fat and less glucose in an attempt to conserve the limited glucose stores in case exercise intensity increases and oxygen availability is is reduced.

 

The runner's body will convert stored fat molecules into energy.

In the planetary model, electrons
A)do not exist
B)are shown in a cloud
C)have positive charges
D)orbit the nucleus like the planets orbit the sun

Answers

Answer:

Orbit the nucleus

Explanation:

Wikipedia

briefly explain the relationship between cells, organs and tissues

Answers

Answer/Explanation:

Cells of a similar type are organized together to make tissues. Different types of tisues come together to perform a similar function as part of organs.

For example, take the organ the stomach. There are various tissues that make up the stomach, including, for example, mucosa, and muscle tissue.

The mucosa tissue of the stomach is made up of secretory cells such as parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid, and foveolar cells which produce mucus that protects the lining of the stomach.

Which of the following statements about the action potentials in contractile myocardial cells (cardiac muscle) is INCORRECT? Compared to skeletal muscle cells, contractile myocardial cells have a lower (more negative) resting membrane potential. Action potentials are propagated between adjacent cardiomyocytes through gap junctions. The duration of an action potential in a contractile myocardial cell is greater than the duration of an action potential in a typical neuron. During the repolarization phase of a contractile myocardial action potential, the cell is highly permeable to sodium, potassium and calcium.

Answers

Answer: During the repolarization phase of a contractile myocardial action potential, the cell is highly permeable to sodium, potassium and calcium.

Explanation:

Apart from the fact that contractile cells conduct impulses, it also helps in contractions which are needed for pumping of blood. It should also be noted that the myocardial conducting cells serves as the heart's conduction system. They also have a lower resting membrane potential.

Of the options given, the answer is the last option i.e. during the repolarization phase of a contractile myocardial action potential, the cell is highly permeable to sodium, potassium and calcium. This is wrong.

Repolarization occurs due to a rise in the permeability of potassium and during repolarization, the calcium channels close.

What do viruses, animal cells, plant cells, and bacteria have in common

Answers

Answer:

They are alive.

Explanation: They are all part of a living organism.

Which correctly shows the order of organization when dealing with populations and ecosystems?
A. Organism-Species-Population-Community-Ecosystem-Biome
B. Organism-Species-Community-Population-Ecosystem-Biome
C. Species-Organism-Population-Community-Biome-Ecosystem
D. Organism-Population-Species-Community-Ecosystem-Biome

Answers

Answer:

hope this helps

Explanation:

in the processes of photosynthesis what supplies the hydrogen(H) used in the formation of glucose

Answers

Answer:

NADPH ( nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

PLEASE HELP- Soon

If an impatiens flower experiences drought, then its leaves curl up and wilt as a response to water loss and as a means to reduce evaporation (water loss from the leaves).

What is the independent variable ?

What is the dependent variable ?

Answers

IV- water
DV- plant reaction

Many people equate high self-esteem with

Answers

arrogance, selfishness, and Ego.

7. Why are adult sponges said to be sessile animals? |

Answers

Answer:

All adult sponges are sessile, meaning they are attached to some surface. Since they cannot move, sponges cannot pursue their food. Instead, they are filter feeders, meaning they obtain their food by straining the water for small bits of food like bacteria, algae, or protozoans.

Explanation:

The _____
layer of the skin is made of dead cells.

Answers

Answer:

The stratum corneum is the layer of skin made of dead cells.

Answer:

Top layer

Explanation:

Hope this helps

What climate zone has high annual temperatures and a small yearly temperature range

Answers

Answer:

A tropical monsoon climate

Explanation:

tropical monsoon climate as having small annual temperature ranges, high temperatures, and plentiful precipitation. This climate also has a short dry season which occurs in the winter.

The climate zone has high annual temperatures and a small yearly temperature range in tropical monsoon climates.

Tropical monsoon weather:  

As having small annual temperature ranges, excessive temperatures, and considerable precipitation. This weather also has a short dry season which almost usually occurs within the winter.

What are the features of tropical monsoon climate?

In the tropical monsoon types of climate, there are dry seasons with low rainfall. as an instance in India, summers, and winters are dry with the simplest little rainfall. while northern parts of u. s. a . get hold of little rainfall at some stage in the summer season due to cyclonic melancholy, Tamil Nadu receives rainfall all through winters.

Learn more about the climate here: https://brainly.com/question/17922964

#SPJ2

THIS IS EARTH SCIENCES
If -----------are spaced closely together on a map, there is a drastic temperature change over a distance.
A. Isobars
B. Warm fronts
C. Isotherms
s D. Occluded fronts​

Answers

Answer:

B:warm fronts

Explanation:

It is warm fronts because the closer it is the warmer it is and the farther it is colder.

Amnesia is a physical disorder that affects the brain. Which statement best explains why amnesia may also be
considered a psychological disorder?
O it can affect personality
O it reduces brain function
O it can be caused by trauma
o it interferes with motor skills

Answers

Answer:

It can be caused by trauma

Explanation:

Dissociative amnesia has been linked to overwhelming stress, which may be caused by traumatic events such as war, abuse, accidents, or disasters. The person may have suffered the trauma or just witnessed it.

Answer:

The correct answer is A, it can affect personality

Explanation:

Just took the test and this was the right answer. Hope this helps!

Which describes primary succession, but not secondary succession?
a. Small trees and shrubs replace grasses and other small plants.
b. Large trees replace small trees and shrubs.
c. The process often begins on lifeless, barren rocks that form from a
volcanic eruption
d. The process often begins after a human disturbance, such as clear-cutting a
forest

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Answer:

Which disturbance would result in primary succession?

harvesting wheat by using a combine harvester at the end of the growing season

controlled burning to stimulate the growth of forest trees such as sequoia

the formation of Surtsey, a volcanic island off of the southern coast of Iceland **

the effect of a large herd of elephants on the grasses and shrubs in an area

Explanation:

Which of the following professionals would be hired to examine a manufacturing site and review certifications and
permits?
O environmental lawyer
O environmental policy maker
O environmental resource managers
environmental compliance specialist

Answers

environmental compliance specialist

Which best explains how scientists confirmed that the moon formed around the same time as Earth?

Scientists determined the approximate age of fossils from the moon and Earth.
Scientists used radioactive dating to study the age of material from the moon and Earth.
Scientists explored the cycle of condensation and evaporation over time on the moon and Earth.
Scientists analyzed the content of gases that were part of the atmospheres on the moon and Earth.

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

I Took The Test

The statement 'scientists used radioactive dating to study the age of material from the moon and Earth' best explains how scientists confirmed that the moon formed around the same time as Earth.

What is radioactive dating?

Radioactive dating is a well-known technique used to date the age of specific rocks (in this case, moon rocks).

Radioactive dating uses the average life of radioactive isotopes to determine the age of a particular rock.

Radioactive isotopes used in radioactive dating may include, among others, Carbon-14 and Hydrogen-3 (tritium).

In conclusion, the statement 'scientists used radioactive dating to study the age of material from the moon and Earth' best explains how scientists confirmed that the moon formed around the same time as Earth.

Learn more about radioactive dating here:

https://brainly.com/question/8831242

Look at the energy pyramid shown below.
Tertiary Consumers
(ex: hawk)
Secondary Consumers
(ex: snake)
Primary Consumers
(ex: grasshopper)
Producers
(ex: grass)
If a pesticide is released into the environment that kills most of the grasshoppers, which of the following is most likely to occur?
OA.
an increase in population for all organisms
ОВ.
a decrease in the number of snakes
C
an increase in the number of hawks
D
a decrease in the amount of grass

Answers

Answer:

It should be A. If the pesticide is released, then they die, and the consumers of the grasshopper (snake) dies due to no grasshoppers, then the animal that consumes the other animal (hawk eats snake) that eats the grasshopper will die because there aren't enough of that animal for it to eat. the only thing that lives is the grass.

Sorry if I'm wrong, but i hope it helps.

Answer:

It's actually B, "a decrease in the number of snakes"

Explanation:

If you apply a 50 pound bag of a 15-5-12 fertilizer, how much potassium is
in the fertilizer?
A. 5%
B. 15 pounds
C. 12%
D. 12 pounds
NEED HELP ASAP PLEASE

Answers

Answer:

c 12

Explanation:

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PLZZZ HELPPP
Explain how rocks can be analyzed to determine the history of an area.

Answers

Answer:

Well let's take Sedimentary rock for example, The Law of Superposition which measures the average age of Sedimentary rocks using rocks around it. So you would use that rocks below it are older and that Extrusions and Intrusions are younger than the rocks which are stable.

Explanation: Hope it Helps With Your Work!

can someone give me these answers please?

Answers

Answer: ok

Explanation:

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