In this experiment, the pH curve is obtained for titration of a weak acid with a strong base. Sketch the pH curve expected for titration of a weak base with a strong acid.

The length of the side BC in the right triangle is 3.76 units.

We want to find the length of the side BC, for the right triangle ABC.

We know that:

ACB = 90°

ABC = 20°

AC = 4 units.

Now we need to use trigonometric relations to find BC, we can use the relation:

cos(a) = adjacent cathetus/hypotenuse

Replacing what we know we will get:

cos(20°) =BC/4

4*cos(20°) = BC = 3.76

That is the length.

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The final temperature of the water is 28.9°C for the given copper rod,  assuming no heat is lost to the container or the air.

Temperature, a measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any of several arbitrary scales and showing the direction in which heat energy will naturally flow—that is, from a hotter (higher) body to a colder body. (one at a lower temperature). Temperature is not the equivalent of a thermodynamic system's energy; for example, a burning match is much hotter than an iceberg, but the total heat energy contained in an iceberg is much larger than the energy contained in a match. Temperature, like pressure or density, is referred to as an intensive property—one that is independent of the quantity of substance under consideration—as opposed to extensive properties such as mass or volume.

The final temperature of the water can be calculated using the equation Q = mcΔT,

where Q is the heat energy,

m is the mass of the sample,

c is the specific heat capacity of the sample,

and ΔT is the temperature difference between the sample and the water.

Q = (10.0 g) ×(0.383 J/g °C) ×(90°C -20°C)

 = 2647 J

The equation Q = mcΔT can be rearranged to ΔT = Q/mc.

Applying this to the given scenario:

ΔT = [tex]\frac{2647 J}{120mL}[/tex] × (4.18 J/g·°C)

 = 8.9°C

Therefore, the final temperature of the water would be 28.9°C.

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The experiment involved measuring the temperature changes of water and solutions containing sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.

What is HCl?

HCl is the chemical formula for hydrogen chloride, a colorless, highly pungent gas. It is a strong acid that is commonly used in industry for a variety of applications, such as the production of PVC, food processing, and metal cleaning. It is also found naturally in the stomach as a component of gastric acid, where it aids in digestion. In water, HCl dissociates into H+ and Cl- ions, making it a strong electrolyte.

The purpose of the experiment was to determine the heat of solution of sodium hydroxide and the heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, using various methods such as enthalpy, Qsurr & Qrxn, percent error, etc.

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Answer:

the mass of C9H8O4 produced from 67.4 g of C7H6O3 is 94.19 g.

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we need to use stoichiometry and the given yield percentage. First, we need to write and balance the chemical equation for the reaction:

C7H6O3 (s) + C4H6O3 (s) → C9H8O4 (s) + HC2H3O2 (aq)

From the equation, we can see that one mole of C7H6O3 reacts with one mole of C4H6O3 to produce one mole of C9H8O4. Therefore, we can calculate the number of moles of C9H8O4 produced from 67.4 g of C7H6O3 as follows:

molar mass of C7H6O3 = 122.12 g/mol

moles of C7H6O3 = 67.4 g / 122.12 g/mol = 0.551 moles

Since the reaction has a 95.0% yield, the actual amount of C9H8O4 produced will be 95.0% of the theoretical yield. Therefore, we can calculate the theoretical yield of C9H8O4 as follows:

moles of C9H8O4 = moles of C7H6O3 = 0.551 moles

mass of C9H8O4 = moles of C9H8O4 × molar mass of C9H8O4

mass of C9H8O4 = 0.551 mol × 180.16 g/mol

mass of C9H8O4 = 99.15 g

Finally, we can calculate the actual yield of C9H8O4 as 95.0% of the theoretical yield:

actual yield of C9H8O4 = 95.0% × 99.15 g

actual yield of C9H8O4 = 94.19 g

When CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO (butyraldehyde) reacts with CH2CH2OH (ethylene glycol), a hemiacetal is formed.

The reaction can be written as:

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO + CH2CH2OH → CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-CH2OH

The hemiacetal product is CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-CH2OH.

If the reaction continues, a second molecule of ethylene glycol can react with the hemiacetal to form an acetal:

CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-CH2OH + CH2CH2OH → CH3-CH2-CH(OC2H4)-CH2-CH2OH + H2O

The acetal product is CH3-CH2-CH(OC2H4)-CH2-CH2OH.

Molecules can exist in different states, including gases, liquids, and solids. The physical and chemical properties of a molecule are determined by the types of atoms it contains, the way the atoms are arranged, and the types of chemical bonds between them. The study of molecules and their properties is an important area of chemistry and plays a crucial role in many areas of science and technology, including materials science, pharmaceuticals, and biochemistry.

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The final volume of the NaOH solution is 500.0 mL.

To prepare a solution with a desired concentration, we can use the formula:

C = n/V

where C is the concentration in units of moles per liter (M), n is the number of moles of solute, and V is the volume of the solution in liters. Rearranging this formula, we get:

n = C x V

This formula tells us that we can find the number of moles of solute we need by multiplying the desired concentration (C) by the desired volume (V) of the solution.

To calculate the final volume of the NaOH solution, we can use the following equation:

M1V1 = M2V2

where M1 and V1 are the initial concentration and volume, respectively, and M2 and V2 are the final concentration and volume, respectively.

Substituting the given values into the equation, we get:

(0.300 M) (250.0 mL) = (0.150 M) (V2)

Solving for V2, we get:

V2 = (0.300 M × 250.0 mL) / (0.150 M)

V2 = 500.0 mL.

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The percent yield of aspirin is 51.6%.

The limiting reagent is salicylic acid, and the theoretical yield of aspirin is 12.2 g.

The percent yield of aspirin is 72.9%.

The theoretical yield of aspirin is 3.95 g, but the actual yield is 2.04 g.

The percent yield can be calculated using the formula:

percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%

Substituting the values given in the question, we get:

percent yield = (2.04 g / 3.95 g) x 100%

percent yield = 51.6%

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Answer:H-F>F-F>H-I>H-H

Explanation:The polarity of a bond is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms of the bond. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons to it in a chemical bond. The greater the difference in electronegativity between two atoms, the more polar the bond.

The electronegativity values for the atoms:

H: 2.2

F: 3.98

I: 2.66

Answer:

To solve this problem, we first need to write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between formic acid (HCOOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH): HCOOH + NaOH → NaCOOH + H2O From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of HCOOH reacts with 1 mole of NaOH to produce 1 mole of NaCOOH and 1 mole of H2O. Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH added can be calculated as follows: moles of NaOH = concentration × volume = 0.12 M × 0.075 L = 0.009 mol Since the reaction is a neutralization reaction, the number of moles of HCOOH initially present can be calculated as follows: moles of HCOOH = concentration × volume = 0.25 M ×

Answer:

4.88

Explanation:

Formic acid is a weak acid and its dissociation can be represented by the equation: HCOOH ⇌ H+ + HCOO-. The acid dissociation constant (Ka) for this reaction is 1.77*10^-4. When NaOH is added to the solution, it will react with the formic acid to produce its conjugate base (formate ion) and water. This reaction can be represented by the equation: HCOOH + OH- → HCOO- + H2O.

To calculate the resulting pH, we need to determine the number of moles of formic acid and NaOH present in the solution. The number of moles of formic acid can be calculated by multiplying its molarity by its volume in liters: 0.25 M * 0.055 L = 0.01375 moles. Similarly, the number of moles of NaOH can be calculated as: 0.12 M * 0.075 L = 0.009 moles.

Since NaOH is a strong base, it will react completely with formic acid to produce formate ions and water. This means that 0.009 moles of formic acid will react with 0.009 moles of NaOH to produce 0.009 moles of formate ions and water.

After the reaction, there will be 0.01375 - 0.009 = 0.00475 moles of formic acid left in the solution and 0.009 moles of formate ion produced.

The total volume of the solution after adding NaOH is 55 mL + 75 mL = 130 mL or 0.13 L.

We can now use an ICE table to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all species present in the solution:

(ICE table Picture attached below)

Substituting these values into the expression for Ka and solving for x gives us:

Ka = [H+][HCOO-]/[HCOOH] = x(0.009/0.13 + x)/(0.00475/0.13 - x) = 1.77*10^-4

Solving this quadratic equation gives us x = [H+] = 1.33*10^-5 M.

The pH of the solution can now be calculated as pH = -log[H+] = -log(1.33*10^-5) = 4.88.

So, the resulting pH after adding NaOH to the formic acid solution is 4.88.

Answer:

C. Fluorine (F) is most likely to form a molecule with sodium that includes one ionic bond. Fluorine is a highly reactive nonmetal, and it tends to gain one electron to form a fluoride ion (F-). Sodium is a highly reactive metal that tends to lose one electron to form a sodium ion (Na+). When these two elements react, they form an ionic compound, sodium fluoride (NaF), which includes one ionic bond between Na+ and F-.

Explanation:

The percent yield of aspirin in this reaction is 71.1%.

What is Percentage Yield?

Percentage yield is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction, expressed as a percentage. It is calculated by dividing the actual yield of the desired product by the theoretical yield (the maximum amount of product that can be produced from the given amounts of reactants) and multiplying the result by 100%.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 → C9H8O4 + C2H4O2

The molar mass of salicylic acid is 138.12 g/mol and the molar mass of aspirin is 180.16 g/mol.

First, we need to calculate the theoretical yield of aspirin:

1 mol salicylic acid = 1 mol aspirin

0.1090 g salicylic acid * (1 mol / 138.12 g) * (1 mol / 1 mol) * (180.16 g / 1 mol) = 0.1405 g aspirin (theoretical yield)

The percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100:

Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100

Percent yield = (0.1000 g / 0.1405 g) x 100

Percent yield = 71.1%

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Baking powder is a mixture of sodium bicarbonate, other bicarbonates, and acid salts. Baking powder is a leavening agent produced by the mixture of an acid reacting with an alkali reacting one. These baking acids are tartrate, phosphate, and sodium aluminium sulphate, used alone or in combination.

Hope this helps!

Answer: 4 L

Explanation:

Since no values other than pressure and volume change, we will use this equation.

Given in the problem we know:

[tex]P_1=2\\V_1=2.0\\P_2=1[/tex]

So, we are left with one variable to solve for.

[tex]2*2.0=1*V_2\\V_2=4 L[/tex]

Answer:

To calculate the initial concentration of HCl, we can use the following formula: M1V1 = M2V2 where M1 is the initial concentration of HCl, V1 is the volume of HCl used in the titration (10.0 mL), M2 is the concentration of NaOH (0.140 M), and V2 is the volume of NaOH used to reach the endpoint of the titration (13.5 mL). Rearranging the formula to solve for M1, we get: M1 = (M2V2) / V1 Substituting the given values, we get: M1 = (0.140 M)(13.5 mL) / 10.0 mL M1 = 0.189 M Therefore, the initial concentration of HCl is 0.189 M.

Answer:

To solve this problem, we need to first write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3): 3CO + Fe2O3 -> 2Fe + 3CO2 From the equation, we can see that 3 moles of CO are required to react completely with 1 mole of Fe2O3. We can use this ratio to convert the mass of Fe2O3 to moles: 116 kg Fe2O3 * (1 mol Fe2O3/159.69 g Fe2O3) = 727.57 mol Fe2O3 So we need 3 times as many moles of CO: 727.57 mol Fe2O3 * (3 mol CO/1 mol Fe2O3) = 2182.7 mol CO Therefore,

Answer: No the equation is not balanced

Explanation:

Here's how to balance it:

SrBr2 + (NH4)2CO3 → SrCO3 + 2NH4Br

The balanced equation has 1 strontium atom, 2 bromine atoms, 1 carbon atom, 3 oxygen atoms, 4 hydrogen atoms, and 2 ammonium ions on both sides of the equation.

Answer:

No, the given equation is not balanced. The balanced equation is:

SrBr₂ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ → SrCO₃ + 2NH₄Br

Explanation:

A chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols. It shows the reactant(s) on the left side of the equation and the product(s) on the right side of the equation, separated by an arrow that indicates the direction of the reaction.

[tex]\underbrace{\sf SrBr_2 + (NH_4)_2CO_3} \;\;\longrightarrow \;\;\underbrace{\sf SrCO_3 + NH_4Br}\\\sf \phantom{ww.w}Rectant(s) \qquad \qquad \quad \quad Product(s)[/tex]

A balanced chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

Coefficients are used to balance chemical equations and are placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula where needed.

Given chemical equation:

[tex]\sf SrBr_2 + (NH_4)_2CO_3 \;\;\longrightarrow \;\; SrCO_3 + NH_4Br[/tex]

Here, we need to balance the number of Sr, Br, N, H, C, and O atoms.

Check to see if there are the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation:

[tex]\begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\cline{1-7}\vphantom{\dfrac12}\sf &Sr&Br&N&H&C&O\\\cline{1-7}\vphantom{\dfrac12}\sf Reactant&1&2&2&8&1&3\\\cline{1-7}\vphantom{\dfrac12}\sf Product&1&1&1&4&1&3\\\cline{1-7}\end{array}[/tex]

We can see that there are two bromine atoms on the left but only one on the right, so a coefficient of 2 needs to be added to NH₄Br on the right side of the equation:

[tex]\sf SrBr_2 + (NH_4)_2CO_3 \;\;\longrightarrow \;\; SrCO_3 + 2NH_4Br[/tex]

By adding the coefficient 2 to NH₄Br on the right side of the equation, the number of N, H and Br atoms on this side have been multiplied by 2. So we now have:

[tex]\begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\cline{1-7}\vphantom{\dfrac12}\sf &Sr&Br&N&H&C&O\\\cline{1-7}\vphantom{\dfrac12}\sf Reactant&1&2&2&8&1&3\\\cline{1-7}\vphantom{\dfrac12}\sf Product&1&2&2&8&1&3\\\cline{1-7}\end{array}[/tex]

As there are now the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation, it is balanced.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation is:

[tex]\sf SrBr_2 + (NH_4)_2CO_3 \;\;\longrightarrow \;\; SrCO_3 + 2NH_4Br[/tex]

My experiment with the cold and warm water changed my thinking about the Investigation Question because it showed me that the temperature of something can have a major impact on its properties.

For example, warm water was more buoyant than cold water, which meant that the warmer water was able to float objects that the colder water could not. This showed me that temperature can play a role in the physical properties of an object, making it either lighter or heavier, depending on the temperature.

My experiment with cold and warm water showed me that temperature can have a major effect on physical properties. When comparing cold and warm water, I found that the warmer water was more buoyant and was able to float objects that the colder water could not.

This demonstrated to me how temperature can impact the weight and buoyancy of an object, making it either lighter or heavier depending on the temperature.

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Answer: invest more time in consistent practice

Explanation:

Answer:

the pressure of the gas is 1.67 atm when the volume increased to 4.5 L.

Explanation:

Assuming the temperature and the amount of gas remain constant (i.e., the process is isobaric):

Using Boyle's law, we can relate the initial pressure (P1) and volume (V1) to the final pressure (P2) and volume (V2):

P1V1 = P2V2

Plugging in the given values:

P1 = 1.50 atm

V1 = 5.00 L

V2 = 4.5 L

Solving for P2:

P2 = (P1V1)/V2 = (1.50 atm x 5.00 L)/4.5 L = 1.67 atm

Since Na2SO4 + 2CuSO4 = 2NaSO4 + Cu2SO4 has an equal number of each element in its reactants and products, the equation is balanced.

A chemical equation that is balanced has the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation. Subscripts are a component of the chemical formulas for the reactants and products that show how many atoms of the previous element there are in each.

Count the atoms on each side first. Next, alter one of the compounds' coefficients. Finally, count the atoms once more, and then repeat steps two and three until the equation is balanced.

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5 Moles of HNO₂ is produced from 5 moles of NaNO. This is taken out by molar reaction and stochiometric coefficients .

A mole, like all units, must be defined or founded on something reproducible. The mole's current definition is defined, but it was previously based on the amount of atoms in a sample of the isotope carbon-12. A mole is now defined as Avogadro's number of elements, which is 6.02214076 × 10²³. For all practical purposes, one mole of a compound in grams is roughly equivalent to one molecule of the compound in Daltons.

Originally, a mole was defined as the amount of anything that contains the same number of elements as 12.000 grams of carbon-12. That number of elements is known as Avogadro's Number, which is approximately 6.02x10²³. 6.02x10²³carbon atoms constitute a mole.

Since the reaction of NaNO and HNO₂ is a 1:1 ratio, 5 moles of NaNO would produce 5 moles of HNO₂.

NaNO + HNO₂ → NaNO₂

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

2 NaNO + HNO₂ → 2 NaNO2

Therefore, if you start with 5 moles of NaNO, 5 moles of HNO₂ will be produced.

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Reduce biodiversity: dumping sewage water into lakes as a result of excessive mining for minerals. Increase tree planting and ban fishing during the mating season to preserve biodiversity.

Encourage regional and local initiatives to combat biodiversity loss and promote its prevention. acquiring fewer products while ensuring that the ones you do purchase have a minimal impact on biodiversity. Investing in initiatives to advance biodiversity. Reducing waste of consumer products, including food, clothing, electrical equipment, and others can help to prevent the loss of biodiversity.

The majority of people understand biodiversity as a collection of distinct living things that are capable of breeding with one another. Examples of species include white-tailed deer, blue whales, sunflowers, white pine trees, and microscopic germs that are so small they cannot even be seen with the human eye.

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The number of moles of CO in the given conditions is 2.51 moles. To calculate the number of moles of CO in the given conditions, we need to use the Ideal Gas Law equation:

PV = nRT

Where:

P = pressure

V = volume

n = number of moles

R = gas constant

T = temperature

First, we need to convert the given temperature in Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15:

T = 93°C + 273.15 = 366.15 K

Now we can plug in the values we have:

P = 4.52 atm

V = 20.0 L

R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K (gas constant for CO)

T = 366.15 K

n = PV/RT = (4.52 atm x 20.0 L)/(0.0821 L.atm/mol.K x 366.15 K) = 2.51 moles

Therefore, the number of moles of CO in the given conditions is 2.51 moles.

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the enthalpy of reaction for HCl(g) + NaNO₂(s) → HNO₂(l) + NaCl(s) 2NaCl(s) + H₂O(l) → 2HCl(g) + Na₂O(s) ∆H° = -507.1 kJ/mol NO(g) + NO₂(g) + Na₂O(s) → 2NaNO₂(s) ∆H° = -427.0 kJ/mol NO(g) + NO₂(g) → N₂O(g) + O₂(g) ∆H° = -43.01 kJ/mol 2HNO₂(l) → N₂O(g) + O₂(g) + H₂O(l) ∆H° = +34.02 kJ/mol the enthalpy of reaction for the given reaction is -39.1 kJ/mol.

We can use the given reactions and their enthalpies to find the enthalpy of reaction for the given equation.

The given equation is:

HCl(g) + NaNO₂(s) → HNO₂(l) + NaCl(s)

We can break down this reaction into several steps using the given reactions as follows:

Na₂O(s) + 2HCl(g) → 2NaCl(s) + H₂O(l) (reverse of the given reaction)

∆H° = +507.1 kJ/mol (reverse the sign of given reaction)

2NaCl(s) + H₂O(l) → Na₂O(s) + 2HCl(g)

∆H° = -507.1 kJ/mol (given reaction)

NO(g) + NO₂(g) + Na₂O(s) → 2NaNO₂(s)

∆H° = -427.0 kJ/mol (given reaction)

2HNO₂(l) → N₂O(g) + O₂(g) + H₂O(l)

∆H° = +34.02 kJ/mol (given reaction)

NO(g) + NO₂(g) → N₂O(g) + O₂(g)

∆H° = -43.01 kJ/mol (given reaction)

Now, we can add these equations and their enthalpies to get the overall enthalpy of the given reaction:

HCl(g) + NaNO₂(s) → HNO₂(l) + NaCl(s)

H₂O(l) + 2NaCl(s) → Na₂O(s) + 2HCl(g) ∆H° = -507.1 kJ/mol

Na₂O(s) + NO(g) + NO₂(g) → 2NaNO₂(s) ∆H° = -427.0 kJ/mol

2HNO₂(l) → N₂O(g) + O₂(g) + H₂O(l) ∆H° = +34.02 kJ/mol

NO(g) + NO₂(g) → N₂O(g) + O₂(g) ∆H° = -43.01 kJ/mol

HCl(g) + NaNO₂(s) → HNO₂(l) + NaCl(s) ∆H° = -39.1 kJ/mol

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Answer: pH=-log[H+]

pH=-log(2.5x10^-4)

pH=3.6

Explanation:

If Bill used 6M HCl instead of 6M H2SO4, he would observe a different chemical reaction or no reaction at all, depending on the experiment and the reaction conditions.

HCl (hydrochloric acid) is a strong acid, while H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) is a stronger acid. They have different chemical properties and react differently with other substances. Therefore, using HCl instead of H2SO4 may result in different reaction or no reaction at all, depending on experiment and reaction conditions.

For example, if Bill was trying to dissolve a metal in the acid to produce hydrogen gas, then reaction with HCl may be slower or not happen at all, depending on the type of metal, while the reaction with H2SO4 would be more vigorous. On the other hand, if Bill was trying to neutralize a basic solution with acid, then reaction with HCl would still result in the formation of salt and water, although the amount of acid required to achieve same level of neutralization may be different.

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Elements on the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

This means that elements with lower atomic numbers have fewer valence electrons compared to elements with higher atomic numbers.

The elements are arranged into columns, or groups, based on the number of valence electrons they possess.

Elements in the same group generally have the same number of valence electrons, and elements in the same period (row) generally have one more valence electron than the element before it.

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Answer:

The conjugate acid of a Bronsted-Lowry base is the species formed when it accepts a proton (H+).

C7H5O2- is a base because it can accept a proton to form its conjugate acid. To find the conjugate acid of C7H5O2-, we add a proton to it. The proton will bond with one of the oxygen atoms, and the resulting species will be:

C7H5O2H

Therefore, the conjugate acid of C7H5O2- is C7H5O2H.

The limiting reactant when 2.00 g of Si and 1.50 g of N₂ react is Silicon (Si).

When two reactive compounds are mixed, then they react according to the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation between them. The reactant which is present in excess will be left unreacted after the completion of the reaction whereas the other corresponding reactant will name as the limiting reagent of the reaction.  

The molar mass of Si and N₂ is 28.08 g/mol and 28 g/mol.

The stoichiometry in which Si and N₂ is 3:2.

The mass of Si required to react with 1.50 g of N₂ is calculated as follows:

m(Si) = (3 × 28.08 g) / (2×28 g) × 1.50 g = 2.25 g

Since the calculated mass of Si is more than the given mass. Therefore we can say that Si is a limiting reagent.

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