In 2006, NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter detected violent gas eruptions on Mars, where the acceleration due to gravity is 3.7 m/s2. The jets throw sand and dust about 62.0 m above the surface. Scientists estimate that the jets originate as high-pressure gas speeds through vents just underground at about 130 km/h. How much energy per kilogram of material is lost due to nonconservative forces as the high-speed matter forces its way to the surface and into the air? (Express your answer to two significant figures.)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The unit energy losses due to nonconservative forces is 881.40 joules per kilogram.

Explanation:

We can estimate the unit energy losses of gas eruption by Principle of Energy Conservation and Work-Energy Theorem:

[tex]U_{g,1} + K_{1} = U_{g,2}+K_{2}+W_{loss}[/tex] (Eq. 1)

Where:

[tex]U_{g,1}[/tex] - Gravitational potential energy of gas eruptions at surface, measured in joules.

[tex]U_{g,2}[/tex] - Gravitational potential energy of gas eruptions at highest height, measured in joules.

[tex]K_{1}[/tex] - Translational kinetic energy of gas eruptions at surface, measured in joules.

[tex]K_{2}[/tex] - Translational kinetic energy of gas eruptions at highest height, measured in joules.

[tex]W_{loss}[/tex] - Energy losses due to nonconservative forces, measured in joules.

We clear the component associated with energy losses in (Eq. 1):

[tex]W_{loss} = U_{g,1}-U_{g,2}+ K_{1}-K_{2}[/tex]

And we expand it afterwards:

[tex]W_{loss} = m\cdot g\cdot (z_{1}-z_{2}) + \frac{1}{2}\cdot m \cdot (v_{1}^{2}-v_{2}^{2})[/tex] (Eq. 2a)

[tex]w_{loss} = g\cdot (z_{1}-z_{2})+\frac{1}{2}\cdot (v_{1}^{2}-v_{2}^{2})[/tex] (Eq. 2b)

Where:

[tex]W_{loss}[/tex] - Energy losses due to nonconservative forces, measured in joules.

[tex]w_{loss}[/tex] - Unit energy losses due to nonconservative forces, measured in joules per kilogram.

[tex]g[/tex] - Gravitational acceleration, measured in meters per second.

[tex]z_{1}[/tex], [tex]z_{2}[/tex] - Bottom and top height, measured in meters.

[tex]v_{1}[/tex], [tex]v_{2}[/tex] - Gas eruption speeds at surface and highest heights, measured in meters per second.

If we know that [tex]g = 3.7\,\frac{m}{s^{2}}[/tex], [tex]z_{1} = 0\,m[/tex]. [tex]z_{2} =62\,m[/tex]. [tex]v_{1} = 36.111\,\frac{m}{s}[/tex] and [tex]v_{2} = 0\,\frac{m}{s}[/tex], the unit energy losses are:

[tex]w_{loss} = \left(3.7\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} \right)\cdot (62\,m-0\,m)+\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left[\left(36.11\,\frac{m}{s} \right)^{2}-\left(0\,\frac{m}{s} \right)^{2}\right][/tex]

[tex]w_{loss} = 881.40\,\frac{J}{kg}[/tex]

The unit energy losses due to nonconservative forces is 881.40 joules per kilogram.


Related Questions

Light refracts when traveling from air into glass because light
O A Travels at the same speed in air and in glass
B Frequency is greater in air than in glass
OC Frequency is greater in glass than in air
D Travels slower in glass than in air

Answers

Answer:

the last one

Explanation:

ii took the quiz and it was right... i think

If you want to make a strong battery, should you pair two metals with high electron affinities, low electron affinities, or a mix? Explain your answer.

Answers

A battery has two electrodes, at one end it has the anode and the other end has the cathode. Electrons travel through the circuit from the anode (negative) to the cathode (positive), and this is the driving force that provides electricity to flow through circuits.
The anode needs to have a low electron affinity because it needs to readily release electrons, and the cathode needs to have a high electron affinity because it needs to readily accept electrons.

The neutrons in the nucleus of an atom have-
a. a positive charge
b. a negative charge
C. both positive & negative charges
d. no charge

Answers

Answer "d' no charge

Explanation:

They are as the name says neutral. They have no charge they are electrically neutral. Just as a proton is a positively charged particle and an electron carries a negative charge.

The neutrons in the nucleus of an atom have:
D. No charge

give at least two similarities and differences among the terrestrial planets Mars Venus and Earth​

Answers

Answer:

Answer is as follow:

Explanation:

With a distance of just 6,792 km, Mars is even smaller. And again, Venus would be almost Earth's double in terms of scale. It has 81 percent of the earth 's volume, while Mars has just 10 percent of the earth 's mass. Mars and Venus have very different ecosystems, and they are both very separate from Earth.

A family is visiting the Statue of Liberty in New York City. One of the children accidentally drops her backpack from the top of the viewing platform which is 300 feet above the ground. At what height will the kinetic energy of the backpack be equal to it's potential energy?

Answers

Have you figured out this answer yet. Pls say yes

In fact the actual height at which the two energies are equal can be determined only if there is a specified velocity. So by theoretically equating the energy equation we will arrive at the point that the height equal to 4.9 V².

What is kinetic energy?

The kinetic energy of a body is the energy formed by virtue of its motion. It is directly proportional to the mass and velocity of the moving body and the equation is written as:

KE = 1/2 MV².

Potential energy is formed by virtue of the position of a body and it is equal to mgh. Where, g is gravitational acceleration equal to 9.8 m/s² and m is mass and h is the height from the ground.

The total of these two energy is called mechanical energy of a body and the total mechanical energy of a body is always conserved.

If the kinetic energy and potential energy are equal then the equations can be equated as:

1/2 mV² = mgh

 V²/2 = gh.

         =9.8 h

 h  = 4.9 V²

Therefore at a height of 4.9 V² the energies of the falling body will be equal where v is the velocity of the moving body.

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Assume you push a 20 kg child in a little red wagon with a force of 100 N. However, the dirt and rocks below the wheels
create a frictional force of 25 N. What is the acceleration on the wagon and child?
A. 1.25 m/s2
B.3.75 m/s2
C. 5 m/s2
D. 0.2 m/s2

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Predict the magnitude of force applied on you if you push against a tree with a force of 50 and directed to the

Answers

Answer: -50N

Explanation:

Newton's 3rd law says that for every force applied, there is an opposite force with equal magnitude. The person pushing on the tree will experience a force of -50N

Lexington walked to her friends house.lexie walked 2miles west then 5 miles south then 3 miles east then 4 miles north then 2 miles east and finally 1 mile north what is levies distance and displacement.​

Answers

The answer is 17 for the miles

1. A tourist accidentally drops a camera from a 40.0 m high bridge and it falls for 2.85 seconds. If g = 9.81 m/s2 and air resistance are disregarded, what is the speed of the camera as it hits the water?

Answers

Answer:

28 m/s

Explanation:

v(final)^2=v(initial)^2+2a(delta y)

=sqrt(2*-9.8 m/s^2*-40)

28 m/s

The speed of the camera with which it hits the water is 27.93 meters per second.

What is the speed?

The speed of an object is the rate of change of position of an object in any of the directions. Speed can be measured as the ratio of distance covered by the object to the total time taken in which the distance was covered by the object. Speed is a scalar quantity because it has only magnitude and no direction.

v = gt

where, v is the velocity,

g is the acceleration due to gravity,

and t is the time taken by the object

v = (9.8 m/s²) (2.85s)

v = 27.93 m/s

Therefore, the speed of the camera as it hits the water is 27.93 meters per second.

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A force of 150. N is exerted 22° north of east. Find the northward and eastward components of this force.

PLEASE HELP ASAP

Answers

Answer: northward would be 139 N

Explanation:

Please help willing to give brainliest

Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to travel. Which one
below is an example of an electromagnetic wave?

1.ultraviolet waves
2.sound waves
3.water waves

Answers

Answer:

sound water because sound is the most important electronic wave for water

which theory says dreaming is an unimportant by-product of neural firing during sleep

Answers

Answer:activation-synthesis

Explanation:

How much work does an athlete do if she
raises a 5N kettle bell 2 m off the ground?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 10 N

Explanation:

To find the work done by an object given the distance covered by the object and it's force we use the formula

work done = force × distance

From the question

force = 5 N

distance = 2 m

We have

work done = 5 × 2

We have the final answer as

10 N

Hope this helps you


how long will a speed boat cross a 2.o km lake with a speed of 40 km/hr​

Answers

Explanation:

s=d/t

t= d/s

t= 2/40

t= 0.05 hr

What is the Speed of child falling from tree 5.0 meters high

Answers

What are the answers givin?

Which of the following is true as a ball that was thrown straight up into the air is traveling up?
A. The acceleration is upward until it stops and the acceleration becomes downward. The object is also slowing down as it rises.
B. The acceleration is downward as the object moves up. This causes the object to slow down until it stops and then speed up as it falls down.

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

when a ball falls from the sky, it falls down fast due to no friction.

The answer should be B.

A baseball player is running at a constant velocity on a level field and tosses a baseball straight up. When the ball comes back down, it will land

Answers

Answer:

]

Explanation:

a spring scale is constructed so that each 0.10-n increment is separated by 0.50 cm. what spring constant is necessary for the scale to be accurate?

Answers

Answer:

5.00

Explanation:

classify the planets as inner planets of outer planets explain your answer​

Answers

Answer: Planets A and B have a rocky mantle and an iron core. They are at a distance of 1 AU or less from the Sun. This means they are relatively close to the Sun. There are the properties of inner (terrestrial) planets. So planet A and B are inner planets.

Explanation:

Planet C is composed if the gases hydrogen and helium. It has a high mass and is much farther from 1 AU from the sun. These properties are consistent with the outer planets. So, planet C is an outer (gas giant) planet.

Answer:

Planets A and B have a rocky mantle and an iron core. They are at a distance of 1 AU or less from the Sun. This means they are relatively close to the Sun. There are the properties of inner (terrestrial) planets. So planet A and B are inner planets.

Explanation:

What type of energy transfer causes a sunburn?
A. Radiation, because particles of hot air move in space
B. Radiation, because electromagnetic waves transfer heat
C. Conduction, because hot air comes in contact with the skin
D. Conduction, because invisible light carries heat from the sun
If your right you get 100 points and a brainliest

Answers

Answer:

Hi!!

It should be A, ratation

(sorry that I didnt spell that write)

Have a great day!

To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to energy and its different types. Therefore,  the correct option is option A among all the given options.

What is energy?

In physics, energy is the capacity to accomplish work. It can be potential, kinetic, thermal, electric, chemical, radioactive, or in other forms.

There is also heat and work—energy inside the process of being transferred by one body to the other. Energy is always classified according to its type once it has been transmitted. As a result, heat transported could become thermal energy, whereas labor done may emerge as mechanical energy. Radiation is a t type of energy that transfer energy that causes a sunburn  because particles of hot air move in space.

Therefore,  the correct option is option A among all the given options.

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If a 3.5 kg object is accelerating at 0.80 /s^2, the net force F causing this motion is ____ N.

A) 2.2
B)2.8
C)3.4
D)4.0

Answers

Answer:

The answer is option B

Explanation:

To find the force acting on an object we use the formula

force = mass × acceleration

From the question

mass = 3.5 kg

acceleration = 0.80 m/s²

We have

Force = 3.5 × 0.8

We have the final answer as

2.8 N

Hope this helps you

a force of magnitude 30 n stretches a spring 0.83 m from equilibrium. what is the value of the spring constant?

Answers

Answer:

36 N/m

Explanation: I got the answer right on the test ight noo cap

Activity_Mass_Balance_Recycle
Sea water must be desalinated by reverse osmosis. For a feed rate of 1000 lb/h sea water containing 3.1% salt (by weight) is desalinated water with only 500 ppm salt and the brine tailings containing 5.25% salt. Part of the brine tailings is recycled and the inlet stream in the reverse osmosis cell contains 4.0% salt. Determine:

a) A brine removal taxon (ṁ3);
b) The production rate of desalinated water (ṁ2);
c) The rate of brine that is recycled (ṁR).

Answers:

ṁ1 = 1720 lb / h

ṁ2 = 409.37 lb / h

ṁ3 = 590.63 lb / h

ṁR = 720 lb / h

Answers

Answer:

m₁ = 1720

m₂ = 413.46

m₃ = 586.54

mr = 720

Explanation:

Draw a diagram.  Sea water (1000 lb/h, 3.1% salt) is mixed with the recycled brine (mr, 5.25% salt) to create the inlet stream (m₁, 4.0% salt).  This inlet stream is fed into the osmosis cell.  The osmosis cell produces desalinated water (m₂, 500 ppm) and brine tailings.  Part of the tailings is recycled (mr, 5.25% salt), and the rest is removed (m₃, 5.25%).

The mass of water is conserved, so:

1000 + mr = m₁

m₁ = mr + m₂ + m₃

The mass of salt is conserved, so:

0.031 (1000) + 0.0525 mr = 0.040 m₁

0.040 m₁ = 0.0525 mr + 0.0005 m₂ + 0.0525 m₃

Four unknown variables, and four equations.  We can use the first and third to find mr and m₁.

0.031 (1000) + 0.0525 mr = 0.040 (1000 + mr)

31 + 0.0525 mr = 40 + 0.040 mr

0.0125 mr = 9

mr = 720

m₁ = 1720

Now we can use these values and the second and fourth equations to solve for the remaining variables.

1720 = 720 + m₂ + m₃

0.040 (1720) = 0.0525 (720) + 0.0005 m₂ + 0.0525 m₃

1000 = m₂ + m₃

68.8 = 37.8 + 0.0005 m₂ + 0.0525 m₃

68.8 = 37.8 + 0.0005 m₂ + 0.0525 (1000 − m₂)

68.8 = 37.8 + 0.0005 m₂ + 52.5 − 0.0525 m₂

0.052 m₂ = 21.5

m₂ = 413.46

m₃ = 586.54

6. What velocity vector will move you 200 miles east in 4 hours travelingat a constant speed?

Answers

Answer:

50 mph east

Explanation:

What is the amount of thermal energy that can be stored in an object depends on?

Answers

Thermal energy is the total energy of all the molecules in an object. The thermal energy of an object depends on three things: 4 the number of molecules in the object 4 the temperature of the object (average molecular motion) 4 the arrangement of the object's molecules (states of matter).

Hope this helps

- You travel by bus from Indianapolis to New York City which is 1100 miles away. With no stops, the trip took 11 hours. The average speed was...​

Answers

Answer:

100 mph, or about 44.7 m/s

Explanation:

Average speed is [tex]\frac{distance}{time\\}[/tex].

After substitution, this is [tex]\frac{1100}{11}[/tex].

The average speed, therefore, reduces to 100 mph, or about 44.7 m/s.

A car travels 45 km due north and 70 km west. What is the car's displacement?
6 points
24.7 km northeast
83.2 km northwest
76.5 km northwest
115 km north

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

In the International Space Station which orbits Earth, astronauts experience apparent weightlessness because:_________
a) the astronauts and the station are in free fall towards the center of the Earth.
b) there is no gravity in space. the station is kept in orbit by a centrifugal force that counteracts the Earth's gravity.
c) the station's high speed nullifies the effects of gravity.
d) the station is so far away from the center of the Earth.

Answers

Answer:

a) the astronauts and the station are in free fall towards the center of the Earth

Explanation:

Weightlessness is only a sensation of zero weight, a body experiences when it is in free fall towards the center of the Earth, caused by lack of contact force on such body.

Weightlessness doesn't mean the object has zero actual weight, is just a sensation of no weight due to lack of contact force to produce upward reaction on the object which gives the real sense of ones weight.

Thus, the astronauts experience apparent weightlessness because:

a) the astronauts and the station are in free fall towards the center of the Earth.

PLEASE PROVIDE EXPLANATION FOR D AND E

THANK YOU!

Answers

Answer:

d) 14.1 m

e) 8.57 m/s

Explanation:

(a) There are three forces on the ball:

Normal force Fn pushing up,

Weight force Fg pulling down,

Kinetic friction Fk pushing left (resisting motion).

FBD is the correct free body diagram.

(b) Sum of forces in the y direction:

∑F = ma

Fn − Fg = 0

Fn = Fg

Sum of forces in the x direction:

∑F = ma

-Fk = ma

-Fn μk = ma

-mg μk = ma

a = -g μk

a = -(10 m/s²) (0.25)

a = -2.5 m/s²

(c) Sum of torques about the ball's center:

∑τ = Iα

Fk r = ⅖ mr² α

mg μk r = ⅖ mr² α

g μk = ⅖ r α

α = 5g μk / (2r)

α = 5 (10 m/s²) (0.25) / (2 × 0.2 m)

α = 31.25 rad/s²

(d) The velocity and angular velocity at time t is:

v = at + v₀

v = -2.5t + 12.0

ω = αt + ω₀

ω = 31.25t + 0

When the ball begins to roll without slipping, v = ωr.

-2.5t + 12.0 = (31.25t) (0.2)

-2.5t + 12.0 = 6.25t

12.0 = 8.75t

t = 1.37

The distance the ball moves is:

Δx = v₀ t + ½ at²

Δx = (12) (1.37) + ½ (-2.5) (1.37)²

Δx = 14.1 m

(e) v = at + v₀

v = (-2.5 m/s²) (1.37 s) + 12.0 m/s

v = 8.57 m/s

Answer:

a

Explanation:

on egde 2020

A capacitor consists of two closely spaced metal conductors of large area, separated by a thin insulating foil. It has an electrical capacity of 3000.0 μF and is charged to a potential difference of 60.0 V. Calculate the amount of energy stored in the capacitor. Tries 0/20 Calculate the charge on this capacitor when the electrical energy stored in the capacitor is 6.53 J. Tries 0/20 If the two plates of the capacitor have their separation increased by a factor of 5 while the charge on the plates remains constant, by what factor is the energy stored in the capacitor increased?

Answers

Answer:

1 = 5.4 J

2 = 0.1979 C

3 = 5

Explanation:

Energy in a capacitor, E is

E = 1/2 * C * V²

E = 1/2 * 3000*10^-6 * 60²

E = 1/2 * 3000*10^-6 * 3600

E = 1/2 * 10.8

E = 5.4 J

E = Q²/2C = 6.53 J

E * 2C = Q²

Q² = 6.53 * 2 * 3000*10^-6

Q² = 13.06 * 3000*10^-6

Q² = 0.03918

Q = √0.03918

Q = 0.1979 C

The Capacitor, C is inversely proportional to the distance of separation, D. Thus, if D is increased by 5 to be 5D, then C would be C/5. And therefore, our energy stored in the capacitor is increased by a factor of 5.

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