Energy is transferred from one trophic level in a food chain to another. However, not all the energy available at a trophic level is transferred to the next.
Only about 10% of the energy in the lower trophic level gets to the immediate higher trophic level and the rest is lost as metabolic heat.
Thus, if a food chain starts with 10,000 grams of phytoplankton, the quantity that will get to the highest trophic level would depend on the number of intermediate trophic levels in between the lowest and the highest.
For every step the energy is transferred up the trophic level in the food chain, 90% of it is lost.
More on energy transfer in trophic levels can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/20135715
what layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes
Answer:
epidermis
The hemidesmosomes mediate the attachment of the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis to the underlying basement membrane (Figure 147-1B).
In three to five sentences, describe the advantages and disadvantages of these maps in modeling mitosis. I will give brainliest to best answer
Introduction
In order for organisms to grow, cells have two options: they must either replicate themselves to create more cells, or the cells themselves must expand in volume. In humans, tissues such as the skin and blood contain cells that are actively dividing, whilst other tissues such as fat contain cells that expand (good if you need energy for winter, bad if you are trying to fit into some expensive jeans). Other cells, such as neurons, will never divide again once they are terminally differentiated; they are post-mitotic.
In the process of replicating themselves, cells have another choice: do they want to make an identical copy and be left with two cells? Or do they want to make four “half-copies”, in preparation for sexual reproduction, where their genetic content will be made whole again by the process of fertilisation? This choice is the choice between mitosis and meiosis.
Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis
This article will explore the characteristics of both kinds of cell division, shining a light on how they are similar and in which aspects they are crucially distinct. We will also explore the research into these processes and how cell division might go awry to cause disease states such as cancer and Down’s Syndrome.
Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Overview and commonly asked questions
Mitosis
Meiosis
What is the purpose of this process?
In a unicellular organism, the purpose of mitosis is to proliferate asa species. In a multicellular organism, the purpose can be to grow during development, or to repair or regenerate
adamaged tissue, for example.
To create gametes with only one copy of the organism’s genetic information, in preparation for sexual reproduction. Various steps in meiosis create opportunity for genetic diversity in the daughter cells. This is the raw substrate for evolution.
What is the outcome of this process?
Two diploid cells with identical genetic information.
Four haploid cells with different genetic information.
Which organisms perform this process?
Mitosis is performed by unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.Bacteria have their own version of mitosis called “binary fission”.This is distinct from meiosis as bacteria typically have one circular chromosome,which is not contained within a nucleus, like eukaryotic chromosomes.
Only organisms which perform sexual reproduction. Archaeaand bacteria do not do this, so it might be tempting to think that unicellularorganisms do not sexually reproduce. However, there are exceptions; buddingyeast will form haploid spores under nutritional deprivation.
How long does this process take?
Mitosis is usually shorter than meiosis. The process can take over 10 hours for mammalian cells in culture [2], budding yeast can take ~80 minutes to complete a cell cycle [3], whilst bacteria can divide every 20 minutes.
Meiosis has various timescales in different organisms, which can be affected by several factors including temperature and environment of the organism, and the amount of nuclear DNA. The process lasts 6 hours in yeast but can last more than 40 years in human females, due to a developmental hold at prophase I, until ovulation. Other examples are 1-2 days in male fruit flies and ~ 24 days in human males. [1]
What is an example of a disease caused by an error in this process?
Uncontrolled mitosis occurs in cancer, where either genes that stop cell division (tumour suppressors) are switched off, or genes that encourage cell division (oncogenes) are overactive.
Errors in meiosis can lead to the wrong number of chromosomes ending up in germ cells, this is called aneuploidy. This can trigger miscarriage, but is occasionally tolerated. One example is Down’s syndrome, caused by trisomy 21. Another example is Klinefelter syndrome, where XY males have an additional X chromosome.
Summary
Meiosis and mitosis both have a prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
In meiosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase occur twice. The first round of division is special, but the second round is more like mitosis.
In mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase occur once.
Prophase
Chromosomes condense and the centrosomes begin to form an early spindle.
Meiotic prophase I is much longer that mitotic prophase.
During prophase I homologous chromosomes make contacts with each other called chiasmata and “crossing over” occurs. This is where chromosomes exchange sections of DNA. This is important for generating genetic diversity but is also crucial mechanically to hold homologous chromosomes together.
Mitotic prophase is much shorter that meiotic prophase I.
There is no crossing over in mitosis.
(Im a really fast typer)
Answer:
Cells have to do a few things, first they either have to replicate themselves, or they must expand. In our human bodies our cells do both. Replicating when we break skin, and expanding for the winter. Some cells never divide though. But cells also have to choose is they will make identical copies, or 4 half copies. Half copies have a sexual re-productions. And this is the choice of mitosis and meiosis.
Explanation:
I just made a quick summery of the long essay above, I'm not sure if it's totally correct, but I hope it helps!
Hey, I need help with these questions please:
Answer:
a- adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly and release
The state of Georgia has a yearly energy surplus.
Question 8 options:
a) True
b) False
Answer: A
Explanation:
True state of Georgia has a yearly energy surplus.
Does Georgia use more energy than it generates?
Georgia is among the top 10 electricity-producing states, the state typically uses more power than it generates.
What energy source does Georgia use?Nearly 75% of Georgia's electricity generation comes from hydro production (75.3% in 2019), with the remainder produced from natural gas and from a 20.7 MW wind power plant .
Hence, correct option is :True
To learn more about energy surplus ,here
https://brainly.com/question/2994841?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ3
What is the role of pollen in making new plants?
A
Pollen fertilizes the ovule, which becomes a seed. Seeds become new plants.
B
Pollen makes fruit turn into new plants.
с
Pollen makes it easier to get seeds out of fruit so that they can grow.
D
Pollen is what makes fruit taste good, so animals will eat it and spread seeds.
What is it????
Answer:
I think its D.
Explanation:
Pollination allows plants to improve genetic diversity within their species and, in some cases, plants will cross-pollinate with other flower varieties. This creates a heartier, more genetically diverse plant population and sometimes drives a mutation that results in a new species or hybrid.
CAN I GET BRAINLIEST
Use simply identification to classify organisms
Answer:
Living things are classified into groups that start out large and become more specific in a system of classification called taxonomy. Scientists classify living things at eight different levels: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
Explanation:
Epistasis is observed when the allele of one gene masks the effects of another gene. Use the Punnett square to answer the question.
What color would a dog's fur be if its genes are aabb? (10 points)
A. yellow
B. brown
C. black
D. white
Answer:
The color of a dog's fur with the genes aabb would be yellow. So, in other words, Option A is correct.
Hope this helped :D Happy holidays! :D
Epistasis is the effect or character appear due to the interaction between genes. Here, the alleles responsible for the color of dog's fur show epistasis and the progeny with (aabb) genotype will show white colored fur. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is Epistasis?
Epistasis is also known as gene masking, where the expression of one gene is modified or masked or suppressed by the expression of another gene or more other genes. In this, more than one gene controls a specific character such as fur color, etc.
Epistasis is of different types such as dominant epistasis, recessive epistasis depending upon the effect of genes.
Here, the progenies with AABB genotype show black colored fur, the progeny with Aabb show brown colored fur, the progeny with genotype aaBB show yellow colored fur, and therefore, the progeny with genotype aabb i.e., both the recessive genes will show white colored dog fur.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
Learn more about Epistasis here:
https://brainly.com/question/14727611
#SPJ2
In gymnastics, a gymnast must be able to balance on a balance beam. What is the best explanation for what forces are acting on the gymnast on a balance beam? (2 points)
The forces are balanced when the force of gravity pulling you down is the same as the force of the balance beam pushing you up.
The forces are unbalanced when the force of gravity pulling you down is the same as the force of your legs pushing you up.
The forces are balanced when the force of gravity pulling you down is stronger than the force of the balance beam pushing you up.
The forces are unbalanced when the force of gravity is reduced to the same force as the balance beam pushing you up.
Answer:1
Explanation:Because gravity always pulls you down even when your standing on an object.
what are the decomposable mean
Answer:
To become broken down into components; disintegrate. 2. To decay; rot or putrefy. See Synonyms at decay.
Explanation:
there
A single bout of resistance exercise training increases muscle protein synthesis by as much as ______% above resting levels
Answer:
A single bout of resistance exercise training increases muscle protein synthesis by as much as 120-150% above resting levels
In agranulocytes, what happens to the cytoplasm as the cell ages?
Answer:
As the cell ages the volume of cytoplasm increases, enzymes that synthesize DNA move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and there is a gradual build up of lipofuscin. While it is unclear how this directly affects the cell, it is known that once the DNA migrates from the nucleus it is unable to synthesizes enzymes.
Explanation:
there
Why do you need control samples with the known normal, carrier, and sickle cell
alleles to complete the analysis?
Answer:
Explanation: All experiments must have an controlled group to show the differences
put the microscope on the table with the arm towards you.
Answer:
Gently place the microscope on the lab table with the arm facing you. The microscope's base should be resting evenly on the table, approximately 10 cm from the table's edge. 3. Raise the body tube by turning the coarse adjustment knob until the objective lens is about 2 cm above the opening of the stage.
what organism will you choose to modify and why did you choose it?
Answer:
Answer:Genetic modification is a technique to change the characteristics of a plant, animal or micro-organism by transferring a piece of DNA from one organism to a different organism. This is done through targeted removal of the desired genes from the DNA of one organism and adding them to the other organism.Crop plants, farm animals, and soil bacteria are some of the more prominent examples of organisms that have been subject to genetic engineering.
Answer:Genetic modification is a technique to change the characteristics of a plant, animal or micro-organism by transferring a piece of DNA from one organism to a different organism. This is done through targeted removal of the desired genes from the DNA of one organism and adding them to the other organism.Crop plants, farm animals, and soil bacteria are some of the more prominent examples of organisms that have been subject to genetic engineering.Traditional genetic modification methods that have been employed-particularly for microbial starter cultures-include selection, mutagenesis, conjugation, and protoplast fusion, the last of which is analogous to somatic hybridization in plant systems.
Answer:Genetic modification is a technique to change the characteristics of a plant, animal or micro-organism by transferring a piece of DNA from one organism to a different organism. This is done through targeted removal of the desired genes from the DNA of one organism and adding them to the other organism.Crop plants, farm animals, and soil bacteria are some of the more prominent examples of organisms that have been subject to genetic engineering.Traditional genetic modification methods that have been employed-particularly for microbial starter cultures-include selection, mutagenesis, conjugation, and protoplast fusion, the last of which is analogous to somatic hybridization in plant systems.Explanation:
Answer:Genetic modification is a technique to change the characteristics of a plant, animal or micro-organism by transferring a piece of DNA from one organism to a different organism. This is done through targeted removal of the desired genes from the DNA of one organism and adding them to the other organism.Crop plants, farm animals, and soil bacteria are some of the more prominent examples of organisms that have been subject to genetic engineering.Traditional genetic modification methods that have been employed-particularly for microbial starter cultures-include selection, mutagenesis, conjugation, and protoplast fusion, the last of which is analogous to somatic hybridization in plant systems.Explanation:that's all I know then that's all I answered because there are no choices you would have put the question of which so that's all I answered so I hope this answer will help you
Match the event with the type of environmental damage it causes.
1) human population boom
2) industrialization
3) driving cars
A) desertification
B) river pollution
C) global warming
Answer:
1) goes with A)
2) goes with B)
3) goes with C)
Explanation:
1- human population boom increase desertification by doing things that harm the earth and increase the degradation of land in dry areas.
2- Industrialization is the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. This causes chemicals and trash to get into the water stream.
3- Cars emit gases that warm the atmosphere.
Which of the following is part of the cryosphere?
A. The ocean
B. Wetlands
C. Permafrost
D. Aquifers
Answer:
C can be the answer but I am not really sure
Answer:
C C C it is Permafrost is it
Explanation:
PLZZ trust me ;)
In plants, pollination produces fertilized cells. What parts of a plant can eventually
develop from a single fertilized cell?
A. The leaves, but not the roots
B. The roots, but not the leaves
C. Both the leaves and the roots
D. Neither the roots nor the leaves
g What is the ultimate cause of the many extinctions for the megafauna (Diprotodon, Giant Wombat, Marsupial Lion, Giant Goanna, etc) once found in Australia
Answer:
These animals are thought to have succumbed to hunting pressure related to the expansion of Australia's human population.
what is ecology and the functions
Answer:
It is the study of many things but mainly life process, interactions and adaptations. (The sucession development in the ecosystem)
Explanation:
Hope this helps ^^
1)
A hummingbird may need to consume up to 50% of its body weight in sugar each day, just to meet its energy needs. Some of this energy is stored and some is used for metabolic activities, but much of the energy is
A)
converted into amino acids needed for the production of starch
B)
released as heat energy back into the hummingbird's environment
C)
changed into radiant energy, which can be used by plants for photosynthesis
D)
used to synthesize inorganic compounds necessary for cellular respiration
Energy conversions are common in nature. Much of the energy from the breakdown of the hummingbird body weight is released as heat energy back into the hummingbird's environment.
According to the laws of thermodynamics, energy is neither created nor destroyed but is converted from one form to another. Living things take in food to release energy to carry out their daily activities.
Sometimes, energy is obtained from the breakdown of body fat. In either case, much of this energy is released back into the environment as heat energy.
Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/2510654?
In carbon dioxide (CO2), there are two oxygen atoms for each carbon atom. Each oxygen atom forms a double bond with carbon, so the molecule contains two sets of double bonds. Two sets of double bonds means that the total number of electrons being shared in the molecule is two. four. six. eight.
Answer:
Eight
Explanation:
In a single bond there are 2 electrons
In a double bond there are 4 electrons
Two double bonds = 8 electrons
Answer:the answer would be eight hope this helps
Explanation:
why do earthquakes and volcanoes occur a long destructive and conservation plate boundaries?
Answer:
because the plates do not pass smoothly there will be some interaction in both of them
what is osmosis and diffusion
Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of solvent particles across a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution into a concentrated solution. ... Diffusion: Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
f the daughter cell contains 24 chromosomes, how many were contained in the parent cell, for Mitosis and Meiosis?
Answer:
The answer to your question depends on whether cells are dividing after mitosis or meiosis. I will give explanations for both.
During mitosis, the nuclear content of the cells divides just prior to cytokinesis when the cell itself divides. Prior to mitosis, the DNA contained in the parent cell is...
Explanation:
KERE ON LEARNING?
the ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of the cell
Answer:
tonicity
Explanation:
this i the ability of a solution to change the shape (tone) of a cell by altering it's internal water volume
Which of these items are made of cells? Check all that apply/
air
bacteria
horses
humans
mushrooms
rocks
water
Answer: everything but air, rocks, and water are made up of cells
Explanation:
Answer:
bacteria
horses
humans
mushrooms
Explanation:
Practical applications of reproductive cloning include
A) producing identical herds for agriculture.
(B) producing genetically identical animals for "control animals in research
C) restocking populations of endangered animals.
D) All of the above.
Answer:
(B) producing genetically identical animals for "control animals in research
Which of the following statements are true about moving water?
I. It can move in waves
II. It has electrical energy
III. It can be used to move objects
O I and II
O I and III
O I, II, and III
O II and III
This is science but I couldn’t find it and no links please
Answer:
1,2 and 3
Explanation:
An man about 80 years old, lives alone. He looks very weak and undernourished. His lower limbs bones are tender and thin. Due to poor diet and loneliness, he lacks the essential vitamins and minerals for his bone formation. Explain bone formation (ossification) , and bone marrow formation which this man is lacking.
[tex] \large \text{Answer} \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ [/tex]
All bone formation is a replacement process. During development, tissues are replaced by bone during the ossification process. In intramembranous ossification, bone develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue. In endochondral ossification, bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage, bone formation, also called ossification, process by which new bone is produced. ... Soon after the osteoid is laid down, inorganic salts are deposited in it to form the hardened material recognized as mineralized bone. The cartilage cells die out and are replaced by osteoblasts clustered in ossification centres.
✨❤Hope it helps you ❤✨
Choose the correct order for the formation of a recombinant organism and the expresssion of the
desired product.
I’m stuck on this one any advice?
The order for rDNA is to identify a target gene, select a plasmid, use a restriction enzyme, gene insertion, use ligase, introduce the recombinant DNA and detect recombinant cells. rDNA involves genetic recombination.
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technologies are used in molecular biology laboratories to create chimeric DNA molecules containing nucleotide sequences from different species.
Recombinant DNA techniques can be used to identify and sequence genes, as well as to discover gene function.
The sequential steps of rDNA technologies are as follow:
Identify a gene of interest.Select a DNA plasmid to be used.Use restriction enzymes to cleave the plasmid DNA.Introduce the gene of interest in the plasmid.Use ligase enzymes to join both nucleotide sequences.Introduce the recombinant DNA molecule into the host cell.Detect and replicate the cells containing the desired recombinant DNA molecule.Learn more in:
https://brainly.com/question/19820456