Answer:
1. Fluids can be both liquids and gases.
2. Hydraulics involve pushing.
3. Pneumatics involve pulling.
4. Water can be used in hydraulic systems to lift and lower a car using a hydraulic lift. The water is pumped into a hydraulic cylinder which then pushes a piston up to lift the car.
5. Increased pressure in the pneumatic tube makes the chair go up.
6. Holding down the pump lets air out, which decreases pressure, making the chair go down.
7. When you push all the water from a little syringe into a big syringe, the big syringe does not pop out the same distance as the little syringe was pushed in. This is because the pressure under the larger piston is less than the pressure under the smaller piston due to the difference in the size of the pistons.
8. Yes, the car should move up as far as the thinner "small force" moves down according to Pascal's Law, which states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions and acts with equal force on equal areas.
9. The pressure under piston 1 is equal to the pressure under piston 2 according to Pascal's Law.