In the given aquatic food web, the primary consumer is the organism that feeds directly on producers, such as plants or algae, to obtain energy. In this case, the primary consumer is animal plankton.
The correct answer is option c.
Animal plankton, also known as zooplankton, are tiny aquatic animals that feed on phytoplankton (plant plankton), which are the primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. By consuming phytoplankton, zooplankton play a crucial role in transferring energy from producers to higher trophic levels in the food web.
On the other hand, kelps (option A) are actually primary producers, not consumers, as they are large seaweeds that photosynthesize and produce energy. Larger crabs (option B) and smaller predatory fish (option D) are both secondary or tertiary consumers, as they feed on other organisms higher up in the food chain, rather than directly consuming primary producers.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: animal plankton, as they are the only primary consumers among the given options in the aquatic food web.
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How are red blood cells adapted to contain as
much haemoglobin as possible?
(Middle School)
Answer:
Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are adapted to contain as much hemoglobin as possible, which is the protein that binds to oxygen and carries it to the body's tissues.
Biconcave shape: The biconcave shape of red blood cells increases the surface area to volume ratio, allowing for more hemoglobin to be packed into each cell.No nucleus: Red blood cells do not have a nucleus, which allows for more space for hemoglobin.Flexibility: Red blood cells are flexible and can change shape to squeeze through narrow capillaries, maximizing the amount of hemoglobin that can be delivered to the body's tissues.Short lifespan: Red blood cells have a short lifespan of about 120 days, after which they are removed from the body. This short lifespan allows for a continuous turnover of new cells with fresh hemoglobin.
in the proposed neural circuit for learned fear, the state of the ans is altered by what neural connection? in the proposed neural circuit for learned fear, the state of the ans is altered by what neural connection? cells in the basolateral region of the amygdala project to the central nucleus of the amygdala. efferents from the central nucleus of the amygdala project to the hypothalamus. sensory information is sent to the basolateral region of the amygdala cells in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala project to the cerebral cortex.
In the proposed neural circuit for learned fear, the state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is altered by specific neural connections involving the amygdala, which plays a crucial role in processing emotional responses, especially fear. The primary neural connection in this circuit involves the basolateral region and the central nucleus of the amygdala.
When a fear-inducing stimulus is encountered, sensory information is sent to the basolateral region of the amygdala, where cells receive and process this information. The cells in the basolateral region project to the central nucleus of the amygdala, forming a connection that helps in modulating fear responses.
Next, efferents from the central nucleus of the amygdala project to the hypothalamus, which is responsible for regulating various bodily functions, including the ANS. This connection enables the hypothalamus to receive information related to fear, allowing it to make appropriate adjustments to the ANS.
Lastly, cells in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala project to the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for higher-order functions, such as decision-making, planning, and memory. This connection ensures that the information related to the fear-inducing stimulus is properly integrated and utilized in our overall cognitive processing.
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increased brain levels of neuropeptide y cause: group of answer choices increased eating behavior and decreased body metabolism. decreased body metabolism and decreased eating behavior. increased eating behavior and increased body metabolism. increased body metabolism and decreased eating behavior.
Increased brain levels of neuropeptide Y cause increased eating behavior and decreased body metabolism.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating appetite and energy balance within the body. When NPY levels in the brain increase, this leads to the following outcomes:
(a) Increased eating behavior: NPY stimulates the appetite by promoting the consumption of food, particularly energy-dense foods. It does this by acting on specific receptors in the hypothalamus, a brain region responsible for controlling hunger and satiety. When NPY levels are elevated, an individual experiences a stronger drive to eat, resulting in increased food intake.
(b) Decreased body metabolism: In addition to its role in appetite regulation, NPY also affects energy expenditure by decreasing the body's metabolic rate. This means that the body becomes less efficient at burning calories and producing energy, which can lead to weight gain if not balanced by an appropriate reduction in food intake.
In summary, increased brain levels of neuropeptide Y cause a combination of increased eating behavior and decreased body metabolism, as indicated in answer choice (a). This combination can lead to weight gain and disruption in energy homeostasis if not properly managed.
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Explain the changes the farm worker in the following scenario is likely to experience with respect to seeding rate and yield estimates as he moves from one environment to another.
Situation: A young farm worker has been trained and worked for a number of years on an unirrigated dryland corn-growing property in the Southwest. This property has seen little development, and is being farmed in its natural state. The farmer then marries and moves to a large family property in the Missouri Valley. The property is owned by a family with a long-standing religious commitment to heritage farming methods. For the past three generations, the soil has been developed carefully, using largely organic techniques, low-impact tilling methods, and careful rotation to avoid soil depletion. The land is irrigated, the soil is fertile.
Moving from a unirrigated dryland corn-growing property to an irrigation, fertile tract with thorough soil management procedures, resulting in better productivity, is likely to cause the farm worker to experience changes in seeding rate and yield estimations.
What alterations have been made to the farm over time?To replace the majority of the slain animals, new ones have been purchased. Even though the windmill has been repaired, not all of the animals are using it to generate energy.
How has the farm evolved through the years?Due to the acquisition of two of Pilkington's fields, the farm now has more animals and larger limits. The second windmill has been finished and is currently being used to grind maize.
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What is the difference between the normal respiratory system and the deep respiratory system?
Answer: Breathing occurs through respiratory organs, including the nose, lungs, etc. Respiration takes place in cells and cell organelles, including mitochondria, etc. From the differences given, we can conclude that breathing and cellular respiration are two different processes and cannot be used interchangeably.
Explanation:
Brainliest pls:)
Answer:
Explanation:
Both are the process of taking O2 and releasing CO2, the amount of useless gas used in 1 unit of time is the same.
Normal respiration: more 'shallow' inhalation and breathing
diaphragm, the intercostal muscles (the muscles involved in breathing) are weaker
Deep breathing: breathing rhythm, breathing deeper
more active respiratory muscles
More gas is taken into the body
=> Helps the body to be healthy, good tolerance, high respiratory efficiency (more O2 intake)
(Example: holding breath longer than normal breathing; deep breathing people dive better than normal breathing people)
calcium ions are required for muscle contraction. while the muscle is at rest, calcium ions are stored within the membranous organelle surrounding the myofibrils within each muscle cell, called the:
Answer:
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Explanation:
The question is about the storage of calcium ions within the membranous organelle surrounding the myofibrils within each muscle cell. The membranous organelle is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
What is sarcoplasmic reticulum?Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is the membranous organelle surrounding the myofibrils within each muscle cell, where calcium ions are stored within during the resting state. It is the specialized endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle cells that stores calcium ions in a controlled manner and releases them upon excitation of the muscle cell. In muscle cells, the SR is responsible for the storage, release, and reuptake of calcium ions, which is essential for muscle contraction.
So, the correct answer is sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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What is true about glucose?
It is a kind of sugar, which means it is a nucleic acid.
It is a kind of sugar, which means it is a lipid.
It is a kind of sugar, which means it is a carbohydrate.
It is a kind of sugar, which means it is a protein.
imagine you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden pea plants. what f2 offspring would you expect if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds? yellow seed color is dominant to green seed color g
The F1 plants to self-fertilize, the resulting F2 offspring will have a genotypic ratio of 1 GG: 2 Gg: 1 YY and a phenotypic ratio of
3 yellow: 1 green.
If you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds in garden pea plants, the parents would have genotypes GG (green seed) and YY (yellow seed) respectively. Since yellow seed color is dominant to green seed color, both parents are homozygous dominant for their respective traits.
When you perform a cross between these parents, all the F1 offspring will be heterozygous for seed color (Gg), with yellow seed color being expressed.
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what are the functions of skeletal muscle? multiple select question. formation of new blood cells heat production blood sugar regulation control of body openings and passages
The roles that skeletal muscle plays in producing heat, controlling blood sugar, and controlling body openings and passages.
Skeletal muscles are primarily responsible for contracting to produce movement, maintaining body posture and position, regulating body temperature, storing nutrients, and stabilizing joints.
Flexible muscle fibers with diameters ranging from less than half an inch to just over three inches make up the skeleton's muscles. These filaments ordinarily range the length of the muscle. The muscles can move the bones by contracting (tightening) their fibers, enabling a wide range of movements.
Energy is needed for muscle contraction, and heat is produced when ATP is broken down. This intensity is entirely observable during exercise when supported muscle development makes internal heat level ascent, and in instances of outrageous cold, shuddering produces irregular skeletal muscle compressions to create heat.
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Q- What are the functions of skeletal muscle?
Multiple select questions.
Heat production
Formation of new blood cells
Blood sugar regulation
Control of body openings and passages
people often wear sunglasses in polar regions because most of the sunlight that strikes a snow covered surface is
the heart a. is composed of only one layer, the myocardium. b. is protected and anchored by pericardium. c. is completely independent of all nervous control. d. contracts only as a result of nerve stimulation from the central nervous system.
The heart: is protected and anchored by pericardium. The correct answer is: option (b).
The heart is protected and anchored by pericardium, which is a double-layered sac that surrounds and protects the heart. It acts as an anchor and protects the heart from excessive movement and friction.
The heart is the most vital organ in the human body that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It is composed of three layers, including the myocardium, epicardium, and endocardium.
The myocardium is the middle layer and is responsible for contracting and pumping blood out of the heart.
The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart and provides protection to the heart.
The pericardium is a double-layered sac that surrounds and protects the heart. It acts as an anchor and protects the heart from excessive movement and friction.
The pericardium consists of two layers, including the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium. T
he visceral pericardium is the innermost layer that covers the heart's surface, while the parietal pericardium is the outer layer that forms a sac around the heart.
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What is the half-life of Schist (the rock)?
Answer:
Explanation:
dwane the rock johnson- the future president of america
Which statement is true about renewable resources?
They are very difficult to obtain and use.
They regenerate fast enough for people to continue using them.
They're natural resources that can be replicated through artificial means.
They are found in large quantities but only in certain parts of the planet
Answer: They are very difficult to obtain and use.
Explanation:
Renewable resources are the resources that are available in nature and can be renewed in the coming time. They are replenishable.
But, their extraction is very difficult. They are present only in some parts of the world and their extraction is costly and time taking process.
Renewable resources need billions of years to replenish which means it is really important to use these resources judiciuosly.
Answer: they regenerate fast enough for people to continue using them.
Explanation: i took the test and got it correct!
what are the components of an ecosystem? group of answer choices nonliving components only. living components only. periodically interacting living and nonliving components. continually interacting living and nonliving components.
The components of an ecosystem can be explained as a complex network of continually interacting living and nonliving components. The ecosystem is made up of different kinds of organisms and the environment in which they reside.
The major components of the ecosystem are biotic components and abiotic components. Biotic components refer to the living parts of the ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. These components are the primary producers and consumers of the ecosystem. Producers transform solar energy into food, and consumers feed on other living organisms or decaying organic matter.
The flow of energy and nutrients among living organisms in the ecosystem is based on food chains and food webs. Abiotic components, on the other hand, refer to nonliving factors that influence the ecosystem. Abiotic factors include temperature, rainfall, wind, soil type, and pH level. These factors shape the physical environment of the ecosystem and determine what kinds of organisms can survive there. Abiotic components play a significant role in the growth, development, and distribution of biotic components. They also regulate biotic components' behavior and determine their interactions.
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which organs constitute the respiratory system? 3. what is the function of the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity? 4. what is the function of the cilia on the cells that line the nasal cavity?
The respiratory system includes lungs, trachea, bronchi, and nose. The primary function of the respiratory system is to enable gas exchange between the environment and the body.
What is the function of the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity?The mucous membrane is responsible for capturing foreign particles like pollen, dust, bacteria, and viruses from the inhaled air. The hairs in the nose filter the air, and the mucous membrane adds moisture, warms, and purifies the air that we breathe.
What is the function of the cilia on the cells that line the nasal cavity?Cilia on the cells that line the nasal cavity is responsible for moving the mucus and the foreign particles that get trapped on the mucous membrane. These tiny hair-like structures move the mucus and particles towards the back of the throat, where they get either swallowed or spit out.
The cilia movement helps to prevent the trapped particles from getting into the lungs, which could cause breathing problems, lung infections, or other respiratory-related health complications.
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Part 1: Label the following genotypes
2. BB
1. aa
Practice: Punnett Squares
as heterozygous or homozygous. You can use abbreviations.
3. cc.
4. Dd
the phenotype.
5. Ee
If any recessive offspring are produced by the test cross, the parent organism is heterozygous for the allele in issue. If only phenotypically dominant offspring develop from the test cross, the parent organism is homozygous dominant for the gene in issue.
How can one know whether they are heterozygous?You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions are different. For example, having one gene for red hair and one allele for brown hair means you are heterozygous for hair colour. Which qualities are expressed are influenced by the connection between the two alleles.
Females can be homozygous or heterozygous for X-chromosome-linked features due to the nature of X-chromosome-linked patterns of inheritance, but men, since they have only one X chromosome, cannot.
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which list correctly orders the examples of organism, population, community and ecosystem? tadpole, pond, frog, fish and insects in the pond tundra, moss, reindeer that eat moss, rocks and ice elephant herd, grasslands, lions in the grasslands, river and trees deer, herd of deer, deer and trees in forest, rocks and ponds around the forest
Deer, a herd of deer, deer, and trees in the forest, rocks, and ponds around the forest is the correct order, the option correct is (b).
The deer is an individual organism capable of performing life functions on its own. A population is a collection of people belonging to the same species who live together and interact with one another. A population is exemplified by a herd of deer.
The deer and trees in the forest, along with the rocks and ponds around the forest, represent a community of living organisms interacting with one another and with their abiotic environment, forming an ecosystem, the correct option for the given examples is option (b).
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The complete question is:
Which list correctly orders the examples of organism, population, community, and ecosystem?
A) Tundra, moss, and reindeer that eat moss, rocks, and ice
B) Deer, a herd of deer, deer, and trees in the forest, rocks and ponds around the forest
C) Tadpole, pond, frog, fish, and insects in the pond
D) Elephant herd, grasslands, lions in the grasslands, river, and trees
Goblet cells are only found in which tissue?.....✨
Answer: epithelial tissue
Explanation:
Answer:
Goblet cells are discovered intercalated within the conjunctival epithelia, respiratory epithelia, and stomach epithelia.
Explanation:
do you think that the type of proteins in a sample would influence the results of this protein assay? why or why not?
Protein-to-protein variation is a crucial factor to take into account when choosing a protein assay technique and an acceptable assay standard, depending on the sample type and the test's intended use (e.g., BSA vs. BGG).
Protein-to-protein variance is comparable for protein test techniques based on similar chemistry. The Biuret, Bradford, and Lowry techniques of UV spectrophotometry are simple, affordable, and capable of quantifying minute quantities of protein. Reducing agents (such as DTT) and detergents are two typical materials that might possibly interfere with protein test techniques (i.e. Triton X-100). In general, Coomassie dye-based assays are preferred for the analysis of materials that contain reducing agents or copper-chelating agents (Bradford method).
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the most efficient form of locomotion in the animal kingdom is group of answer choices a bird flying. a human walking. a human on a bicycle. a propeller-driven airplane. railroad trains.
The most efficient form of locomotion in the animal kingdom, among the given options, is a human on a bicycle.
The correct answer is human on a bicycle.
This is because cycling combines human muscle power with mechanical advantage, resulting in an energy-efficient mode of transportation. When compared to a human walking, a human on a bicycle can cover a longer distance with less energy consumption.
Birds flying, while impressive, consume more energy as they have to overcome both gravity and air resistance to stay aloft. Propeller-driven airplanes use engines that consume fuel, and although they cover great distances, they do not match the energy efficiency of a human on a bicycle.
Railroad trains, powered by electricity or diesel engines, can transport a large number of passengers and cargo over long distances. However, their efficiency depends on their load, speed, and track conditions.
Therefore the correct answer is human on a bicycle
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Achondropladia, a form of dwarfism, is inherited as a dominant condition (A). What is the probability of two heterozygous dwarfs having normal height children? Show your work.
Probability:
In this scenario, the genotype of the two heterozygous dwarfs can be represented as Aa x Aa, where A represents the dominant allele for achondroplasia and a represents the recessive allele for normal height.
The Punnett square for this cross would be:( picture in the attachment )
As shown in the Punnett square, there is a 25% chance that a child would inherit two recessive alleles (aa) and have normal height, while there is a 75% chance that a child would inherit at least one dominant allele (Aa or AA) and have achondroplasia.
Therefore, the probability of two heterozygous dwarfs having normal height children is 25%, or 1/4.
It is important to note that this is a theoretical probability based on Mendelian genetics, and that actual inheritance patterns may vary due to factors such as incomplete dominance or gene interactions.
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defensive mechanisms used by stick insects include: group of answer choices behavioral adaptations plant mimicry color changes all of the above
Defensive mechanisms used by stick insects include all of the above - behavioral adaptations, plant mimicry, and color changes. So, option D is correct.
Stick insects, commonly referred to as phasmids, are a family of insects renowned for their superior camouflage and protective capabilities. To blend in with their surroundings and evade predators, many species of stick insects have evolved behavioral adaptations including swaying or slow movement. When threatened, several animals have the ability to fake dead or fall off branches to avoid being eaten.
Stick insects have acquired physical adaptations like plant mimicry, which allows them to resemble and blend in with the plants they feed on, in addition to behavioral ones. By doing so, they can avoid being seen by predators and lessen the chance of being attacked.
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The actual question is:
Defensive mechanisms used by stick insects include:
A) behavioral adaptations
B) plant mimicry
C) color changes
D) all of the above
which specifid artery provides blood to the pelvic organs, including the bladder, rectum, reproductive organs and pelvic muscles?
Iliac arteries artery provides blood to the pelvic organs, including the bladder, rectum, reproductive organs and pelvic muscles.
The iliac highways are blood channels that transport blood to the legs, pelvis, reproductive organs, and other pelvic organs. The pelvis is located at the bottom of your body, slightly above where your legs join at the hips. The iliac highways arise from the bottom of the aorta, the big roadway that emerges from the apex of the heart.
The iliac highways are a kind of supplemental roadway. They're appertained to as supplemental because they supply blood to regions of the body that are located further distant from the heart. The iliac highways, like numerous other blood vessels, are prone to fat and cholesterol accumulation( shrine). This shrine has the implicit to vitiate blood inflow and induce supplemental roadway complaint( PAD). PAD causes leg discomfort, making it delicate to walk.
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The effects of ANI are reversible. Using the coding dictionary, determine all the possible
codons leucine would make in the absence of ANI
There are 64 potential codon sequences, 61 of which identify the 20 amino acids that comprise proteins and three of which are stop signals. AUG, which denotes the amino acid methionine, is an example of a codon.
Which six codons are responsible for the amino acid leucine?Because of genetic code redundancy, most amino acids are defined by more than one mRNA codon.
To designate three amino acids, three codons are required. Codons are messengers that are found on messenger RNA (mRNA). It is a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for one specific amino acid; hence, each three nucleotides represents one codon.
As a result, there are 61 codons accessible for 20 amino acids, and the genetic code is degenerate.
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many tiny plants can be seen developing asexually along the edge of the mother-of-thousands plant leaf, as shown in the photo below. the tiny plants eventually drop to the ground and grow into new plants of the same species. one way this form of reproduction differs from sexual reproduction is
One way this form of reproduction differs from sexual reproduction is that it does not involve the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg cells) from two different individuals to form a genetically diverse offspring.
In asexual reproduction, the new plants are genetically identical to the parent plant, as they are produced by mitosis and not meiosis. This means that the offspring will have the same traits and characteristics as the parent plant, with no variation.
In contrast, sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two different individuals, resulting in offspring with a unique combination of genetic material. This genetic diversity is important for the survival of a species, as it can increase the chances of the offspring being able to adapt to changing environmental conditions or resist diseases and parasites.
Asexual reproduction, such as the development of new plants along the edge of a mother-of-thousands plant leaf, is a relatively quick and efficient way for plants to produce many offspring without the need for a partner or the investment of resources into producing flowers, attracting pollinators, and producing seeds. However, it also means that there is no genetic diversity among the offspring, which can be a disadvantage in a changing environment.
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cientific research is currently attempting to find ways to capture carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, compress it into pipelines, and inject it into deep underground rock formations. this is an example of group of answer choices
The correct answer is C. The process described in the question is an example of carbon sequestration.
Carbon sequestration refers to the process by which carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the atmosphere and stored in long-term reservoirs, such as soils, forests, and oceans. In biology, carbon sequestration is important for mitigating the effects of climate change, as CO2 is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.
Plants are key players in carbon sequestration, as they use photosynthesis to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it into organic matter. This organic matter can be stored in the plant's tissues, or the soil when the plant dies and decomposes. Forests, in particular, are important carbon sinks, as they store large amounts of carbon in their biomass and soil.
Other biological processes that contribute to carbon sequestration include ocean uptake, where CO2 is dissolved into the water and can be stored in deep ocean sediments for centuries, and carbon capture and storage technologies, where CO2 is captured from industrial sources and stored underground.
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Complete Question:
Medical studies is presently searching for approaches to capture carbon dioxide emissions from electricity plant life, compress it into pipelines, and inject it into deep underground rock formations. this is an instance of
a. cogeneration
b. carbon acidification
c. carbon sequestration
Imagine humpback whales were to go extinct. How might this loss impact the ocean ecosystem?
The extinction of humpback whales could have a significant impact on the ocean ecosystem.
As apex predators, humpback whales play an important role in maintaining the balance of the food chain. They feed on krill and small fish, regulating their population and preventing overgrazing of phytoplankton. This, in turn, helps to mitigate climate change, as phytoplankton are essential for carbon sequestration.
Humpback whale carcasses also provide food and nutrients for other marine organisms, creating an important feeding ground for scavengers. Additionally, the songs of male humpback whales serve as a form of communication and social cohesion for the species, and their loss could have broader implications for the health of the ocean ecosystem.
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what enzyme can you use to covalently link the pcr product and plasmid? what does this enzyme do?
21) the rabies virus travels to the cns via a) anterograde axoplasmic transport. b) retrograde axoplasmic transport. c) blood vessels. d) subcutaneous connective tissue. e) cerebrospinal fluid.
The rabies virus, CNS, anterograde axoplasmic transport, retrograde axoplasmic transport, blood vessels, subcutaneous connective tissue, and cerebrospinal fluid. The correct option is B.
The rabies virus travels to the CNS via the retrograde axoplasmic transport. The retrograde axoplasmic transport is the transport of cellular materials from the axon terminals to the neuron's cell body through the axon cytoplasmic flow. It moves in the opposite direction to the orthograde axoplasmic transport, which conveys materials from the neuron cell body to the axon terminals.
The rabies virus causes rabies, which is an acute and fatal viral disease affecting the nervous system of warm-blooded animals. The virus travels to the CNS via the retrograde axoplasmic transport from the site of infection. The virus then replicates within the CNS, which causes damage to the nervous system.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B - retrograde axoplasmic transport.
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describe the features of the two differing locations in the chloroplast where the distinct reactions of photosynthesis occur. explain the functional significance of these structural features to each of these processes.
The two differing locations in the chloroplast where the distinct reactions of photosynthesis occur are the thylakoid membrane and the stroma.
The thylakoid membrane is where the light-dependent reactions occur, while the stroma is where the light-independent reactions occur.
The thylakoid membrane contains photosystems that capture light energy, allowing for efficient energy transfer to generate ATP and NADPH.
The stroma contains enzymes and proteins necessary for the Calvin cycle, where carbon dioxide is fixed into organic molecules to produce glucose and other compounds.
Overall, the structural features of the chloroplast are essential for the efficient functioning of photosynthesis.
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