Explain the contribution of antigenic determinant in false negative and false positive tests

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Contribution of antigenic determinant in false negative -: Popular causes of false-positive ELISA include: flu vaccine administration, presence of HLA-DR antibodies in women with multigravity, presence of rheumatoid factor. Contribution of antigenic determinant in false positive tests -: Positive RPR exam, hypergammaglobulinemia and autoimmune hepatitis (e.g. multiple myeloma).

Explanation:

Much attention has been paid to the specificity and sensitivity of this assay since regular ELISA screening of blood donors for anti-HIV antibodies was implemented. It was found that inadequate coating of the microtitre plates with HIV-antigen could lead to false negative results. It is important that the ELISA test kit manufacturers use control systems that guarantee adequate antigen coating.


Related Questions

Which of the following list the thing plants needs for photosynthesis

Answers

Answer:

they need carbon dioxide,water and light

carbon dioxide, water, and light :)

pls help me !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Up and down are balanced cuz they are the same. However, left and right is unbalanced

Explanation:

I you notice up and down are equal numbers, so there's no effect, BUT, there are 0.5 more points to the left then right (1.0), so its going to the right.

why is soil a renewable source

Answers

Answer:

bc, when things decompose, they make soil!:) I think...

Explanation:

Which event is caused by gravity with water

Answers

they correct answer is erosion

Explain how cell membranes work work according to the fluid mosaic model
WORTH 20 POINTS

Answers

The fluid mosaic model explains various observations regarding the structure of functional cell membranes. According to this biological model, there is a lipid bilayer (two molecules thick layer consisting primarily of amphipathic phospholipids) in which protein molecules are embedded.

Question #4 - Just checking my work.

Answers

Answer:

Crossing a  black heterozygous cat (Bb) and a gray cat (bb) will give you the corresponding phenotypes and genotypes:

50%- Bb, black

50%- bb, gray

In a chemical reaction, atoms do which of the following?
A
Remain bound to the same atoms
B
Split in half
c
Combine with new atoms
D
Increase in size

Answers

C. Combine with new atoms

This is how things are made, like oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (h2) combine to make water (H2O)

What happens if the body is unable to maintain its blood glucose levels?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Without insulin, cells are unable to use glucose as fuel and they will start malfunctioning. Extra glucose that is not used by the cells will be converted and stored as fat so it can be used to provide energy when glucose levels are too low.

Which of the following is a behavioral adaptation
A. An arctic hare has a white coat in the winter.
B. A fawn remains very still to avoid being seen.
C. A male cardinal has very bright red feathers.
D. A hummingbird has a long, thin bill.

Answers

B.
Because hiding is a behavior not a trait due to genetics

HELP PLEASE ASAP Explain the advantages gained by studying plants using the groups and classifications commonly used by commercial
growers.

Answers

Answer:

here is the answer Subsistence agriculture- is the self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families. Commercial farming- includes livestock production and livestock grazing. Mass production of food to sell to others for money.

Explanation:

What are the two specific concerns of species diversity?
Species diversity is concerned with both
and

Answers

Answer:

Species diversity is concerned with both commonalities and  differences. This is seen in the variety of species from mammals to insects. This shows the classifications of the species in the environment in order for them to survive and adopt to the changes and climate.

Explanation:

Answer:

Species diversity is concerned with both

species richness  and

evenness of species abundance

Explanation:

The peptidoglycan cell wall and the one or two membranes present also impart a three-dimensional shape to the bacterial cell. The overall shape and arrangement of bacteria are genetically determined, so that each genus of bacteria has a characteristic shape (round, rod, spiral, etc.) and arrangements of the growing cell population (individual cells, chains of cells, or clustered cells).Bin 1 - Image of a single round bacterium.Bin 2 - Image of a single rod-shaped bacterium.Bin 3 - Image of a cluster of round bacteria.Bin 4 - Image of a string of rod-shaped bacteria.Bin 5 - Image of a comma-shaped bacterium.Bin 6 - Image of a corkscrew-shaped bacterium.Drag the descriptive terms to the pictured bacterial shapes.

Answers

Answer:

    The following images of different types of bacteria are attached here- 

1- Single round  bacterium- Cocci

2- Single rod-shaped bacterium- Bacilli

3-  Cluster of round bacteria - Staphylococci

4- String of rod-shaped bacteria- Streptobacillus

5- Comma-shaped bacterium- Vibrio

6- Corkscrew-shaped bacterium- Spirillium

Explanation:

1- Single round  bacterium- Cocci -Any bacterium or archaeon that has a circular, ovoid, or usually round shape is a coccus (plural cocci). Cocci may develop in pairs, chains, or clusters during cell division, depending on their orientation and attachment. Many cocci bacteria do not have flagella and are non-motile, in contrast to many bacilli-shaped bacteria.

2- Single rod-shaped bacterium- Bacilli -A rod-shape bacterium or archaeon is a bacillus (plural bacilli), or bacilliform bacterium. In several different taxonomic classes, bacilli are found. Bacilli typically divide and are solitary in the same plane, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades.[2]  

Diplobacilli: Two bacilli with each other arranged side by side.  

Streptobacilli: Arranged bacilli in chains.  

Coccobacillus: Coccus-like and oval (circular-shaped bacterium).

3-  Cluster of round bacteria - Staphylococci - In the family Staphylococcaceae from the order Bacillales, Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. They appear spherical (cocci) under the microscope, and form into grape-like clusters. The species Staphylococcus are facultative anaerobic organisms (both aerobically and anaerobically capable of growth)

4- String of rod-shaped bacteria- Streptobacillus -Streptobacillus is a genus of fastidious gram-negative microaerophilic bacteria, an uncommon disease that develops in culture as rods in chains.t and can be caused by two forms of bacteria, Spirillum minus and Streptobacillus moniliformis.

5- Comma-shaped bacterium- Vibrio -Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria with a curved-rod (comma) shape, which can cause foodborne infection in several animals, typically associated with consuming undercooked seafood. Vibrio species, usually found in salt water, are optional anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form spores.

6- Corkscrew-shaped bacterium- Spirillium -Spirillum, a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria of the Spirillaceae family, aquatic with the exception of one species (S. minus) causing a form of human rat-bite fever. For any of the corkscrew-like animals, the name spirillum is used commonly.  

Microbiologically, Spirillum is characterized as a gram-negative, motile helical cell with whiplike flagella tufts at each end.

hence, the images of the different  bacteria are attached below-:

Does a toucan eat a chameleon?

Answers

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

/yes they do bruhhhhh

Why do fats have higher caloric value than other organic molecules?

Answers

Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food. Because fats are such an efficient form of energy, the body stores any excess energy as fat.

Fats have higher calorific value. Fats have high energy than other molecules.

What is high calorific value?

Calorific value, which is measured by measuring the heat generated by the full combustion of a particular quantity of a substance, is nothing more than the energy present in a fuel or food. Currently, this is typically given as joules per kilogram.

A device called a calorimeter is used to calculate calorific value. In order to determine how much heat was generated during combustion, a predetermined amount of the object being investigated is burned under carefully controlled conditions.

Therefore, Fats have higher calorific value. Fats have high energy than other molecules.

To learn more about fats, refer to the link:

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How are enzymes able to speed up reactions?

there r no choices

Answers

Answer:

Enzymes are able to speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to start.

Answer:

Enzymes are biological catalysts and are able to speed up reactions as they involve a Lower activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

use the picture of the goat by the water to determine if the following statements are observations, or ir
the statements are inferences. Place an "In" in the blank for inference and an "Obs" in the blank for
observation
1. The kid is in the water.
2. The weather is cold.
3. The tree branch is broken.
4. If the kid crawled out of the water, the goat would push him/her.
5. The kid fell off the branch.
6. The goat is standing by the pond.
7. The branch will fall on the kid's head.
8. The kid fell off the rocks.

Answers

1) obs
2) in
3) obs
4) in
5) in
6) obs
7) in
8) in

How could a plant maintain homeostasis at a cellular level

Answers

Answer:

Plant cells have rigid walls that contain organs that regulate plant health and growth. Among the plant cell organs are the vacuoles, the largest and main mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis, and chloroplasts, which produce energy

Explanation:

А
mutation occurs when a base in the DNA sequence is replaced by a different base.

Answers

Answer:

Substitution

Explanation:

I just took the quiz

Answer: Substitution

Hope this helps!

Dimples are dominant to no dimples. What is the phenotype of a person with the genotype (Dd)?

Answers

Answer:

the answer for is heterozygous

Heterozygous is the phenotype of a person with the genotype (Dd).

What do you mean by phenotypes?

The phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes.

Phenotype refers to an individual's observable traits, such as height, eye color and blood type.

A phenotypic ratio is a quantitative relation between phenotypes showing the number of times the frequency of one phenotype correlates with another.

Learn more about phenotypes:

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What are some factors that affect climate ?
A. atmospheric pressure and wind
B. air pressure and temperature
C. altitude , latitude , and geography

Answers

i am pretty positive it is c

Answer:

C!

Explanation:

Is this Red blood cell in a Hypotonic, Isotonic, or
Hypertonic solution?
H2O
LH₂O

Answers

isotonic because water is going both in and out of the cel

Answer:

[tex]\boxed {\tt B. \ Isotonic}[/tex]

Explanation:

We can see that the H₂O or water is leaving the cell and entering the cell at the same rate.

An isotonic solution has the same amount of solute outside the cell and solution inside cell. Therefore, when the water moves across the membrane, the water inside the red blood cell does not change.

Therefore, the best answer choice is B. Isotonic

What color are corals when they expel their zooxanthellea?
pale translucent pink
clear with a white skeleton
creamy white

Answers

Answer:

creamy white

Explanation:

I* searched it up

whether microorganisms are useful or harmful explain​

Answers

Explanation:

micro organisms , though a large number can cause diseases in plants and animals , including humans . But all microbes arent harmful. a number of microbes are very useful, particularly in industries , agriculture and medicine. In fact, their beneficial effects are far more than the harm they cause.May 20, 2016

Brainly‎ · ‎Installed

Wheth

what is NOT an example for nucleus?

Answers

Answer:

center core of a atom!!!!

which of the following structures have sweat glands?

a. olfactory bulb
b. retina
c. dermis
d. cochlea

please help me and btw im in 5th grade so pls help me with this. Thx =)

Answers

I’m in 8th and I have no idea what your talking about but I’m going to say B
B is the correct answer

NEED HELP ASAP * I THINK IS MY ANSWER

Table salt is a compound created when sodium (atomic number 11) and chlorine (atomic number 17) atoms bond. Which of the following correctly describes this bond?

A)sodium and chlorine share two electrons

B)a sodium atom gives all of its electrons to chlorine.

*C)a sodium atom gives one electron to a chlorine atom *

D)a chlorine atom gives a proton to a sodium atom

Answers

Answer:

oh it D

Explanation: DDDDDDD

Answer:

D

Explanation:

If a plant of a maple tree has more chloroplasts than the leaf of a tomato plant, then
A. the maple tree will have an increase in photosynthetic potential
B. the maple tree will have an increase in respiration potential
c.the maple tree will have an increase in carbon dioxide production
D. the maple tree will have an increase in water production

Answers

Answer:

I think it's A and B (viewpoint)

24
If you wanted to measure from here to Salt Lake City, Utah which unit
would be best to use? *
meters
kilometers
centimeters
millimeters

Answers

Answer: b: kilometers

Explanation: meters are some what small. centimeters are small. millimeters are small. the biggest measurement here are kilometers

name three factors that affect the rate at which an enzyme can catalize a reaction

Answers

Answer:

enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature and pH.

Explanation:

If a cell has the ability to take in water, food molecule, and other necessary materials this indicates it is cabable of

Answers

Answer: If a cell has the ability to take in water, food molecule,  and other necessary materials this indicates it is capable of  nutrition. The answer can not be digestion or absorption because it's a term that talks about multicellular beings.

Here is your answer!! If a cell has the ability to take in water,food molecules and other necessary materials,this indicates ,it has capabilty of absorption and permeability.
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