but in water both acids appear to be of equal strength: they are both 100% ionized. why is this so? what solvent property

We need to add 27.3 mL of 1.02 M [tex]HClO_4[/tex] to 1.90 g of imidazole to give a pH of 6.993.

To solve this problem, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

[tex]pH = pK_a + log(\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]})[/tex]

where pH is the desired pH, pKa is the acid dissociation constant of the acid (in this case, [tex]HClO_4[/tex]), [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base (in this case, [tex]{ClO_4}^{-}[/tex]), and [HA] is the concentration of the acid (in this case, [tex]HClO_4[/tex]).

We can rearrange the equation to solve for the ratio of [tex][A^-][/tex] to [tex][HA][/tex]:

[tex]\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]} = 10^{(pH - pKa)}[/tex]

We can also use the molecular weight of imidazole to calculate the number of moles of imidazole:

n(imidazole) [tex]= \frac{m}{M}[/tex]

where m is the mass of imidazole and M is its molecular weight.

Once we know the number of moles of imidazole, we can use stoichiometry to calculate the number of moles of [tex]HClO_4[/tex] required to react with all of the imidazole. Since the reaction between [tex]HClO_4[/tex] and imidazole is a 1:1 reaction, the number of moles of [tex]HClO_4[/tex] required is equal to the number of moles of imidazole.

Finally, we can use the molarity of the [tex]HClO_4[/tex] solution to calculate the volume of [tex]HClO_4[/tex] required to supply the required number of moles of [tex]HClO_4[/tex].

Here are the calculations:

Molecular weight of imidazole = 68.08 g/mol

n(imidazole) [tex]= \frac{1.90}{68.08} = 0.0279[/tex] mol

[tex]pK_a[/tex] of [tex]HClO_4[/tex] = -8.0

[tex]\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]} = 10^{(pH - pK_a)} = 10^{(6.993 - (-8.0))} = 1.14 * 10^{14}[/tex]

Since the reaction is a 1:1 reaction, we need 0.0279 mol of [tex]HClO_4[/tex].

Molarity of[tex]HClO_4[/tex] = 1.02 mol/L

Volume of [tex]HClO_4[/tex] = moles / molarity [tex]= \frac{0.0279}{1.02} = 0.0273[/tex] L

Finally, we convert the volume to milliliters:

Volume in mL [tex]= 0.0273*1000 = 27.3[/tex] mL

Therefore, we need to add 27.3 mL of 1.02 M [tex]HClO_4[/tex] to 1.90 g of imidazole to give a pH of 6.993.

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A physical change during digestion would be the mechanical grinding of food materials while a chemical change would be the breaking down of complex molecules into simpler ones.

During digestion, food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. This process involves both physical and chemical changes.

Physical changes include mechanical digestion, where food is physically broken down into smaller pieces by chewing, grinding, and churning in the stomach.

Chemical changes involve the action of digestive enzymes, which break down large molecules into smaller ones. Carbohydrates are broken down into sugars, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. These smaller molecules can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body for energy and other functions.

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1.432 x 10^6 g of Fluoride contains 2.90 x 10^25 atoms.

Every element is made up of atoms, and its chemical and physical properties are determined by the number and arrangement of these atoms. The mass of an atom is usually measured in atomic mass units (amu). One atomic mass unit is equal to 1.66 x 10^-24 grams.

In order to determine the number of atoms in a given mass, we must first convert the mass to atomic mass units. We can then use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 particles per mole, to calculate the number of atoms.

In this case, 1.432 x 10^6 grams of Fluoride would convert to 8.668 x 10^23 atomic mass units. Using Avogadro's number, we can calculate that this mass of Fluoride contains 2.90 x 10^25 atoms.

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The pH of the resulting solution is 10.89.

One may determine the pH of a solution by knowing the hydrogen ion concentration in molarity (M). The pOH value, which may also be used to determine the pH of a solution, is influenced by the concentration of the h+ ions. The pH of the mixture is 10.89.

Anything that has a pH of 7.0 or less is acidic, while everything that has a pH of 7.0 or more is alkaline or basic. The pH scale, which goes from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic/alkaline), contains all pH values for typical materials.

volume1 = 25 ml = 25\1000 = 0.025lit

volume 2= 15ml = 15/1000 = 0.015lit

[tex]n_{CH_{3}NH_{2} } = 0.432M*0.025Lit[/tex]

              = 0.0108 moles

[tex]n_{HCL} = 0.234M*0.015Lit[/tex]

         = 0.00351moles

[tex]CH_{3} NH_{2} + H_{3} O[/tex]  ⇆  [tex]CH_{3} N^{+}H _{3} +H_{2} O[/tex]

Initial charge of [tex]CH_{3} NH_{2}[/tex] = 0.0108-0.00351 = 0.00729

Initial charge of [tex]CH_{3} N^{+}H _{3}[/tex] = 0+0.00351

[tex]pH= 14-(p^{xb} +log\frac{[CH_{3}N^{+} H_{3}] }{[CH_{3}NH_{2} ]} )[/tex]

       [tex]= 14-(3.43+Log(\frac{0.00351}{0.00729} )[/tex]

       = 10.89

The pH of the resulting solution is 10.89      

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the reaction releases 1,066.3 kJ of heat.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Fe2O3 and CO to produce Fe and CO2 is:

Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

According to the equation, 1 mole of Fe2O3 reacts with 3 moles of CO to produce 2 moles of Fe and 3 moles of CO2.

Since there is an excess of CO, we can assume that all of the Fe2O3 will react completely. Therefore, the number of moles of CO needed can be calculated as:

3.40 mol Fe2O3 × (3 mol CO / 1 mol Fe2O3) = 10.2 mol CO

So, 10.2 moles of CO are needed to react completely with 3.40 moles of Fe2O3.

The heat released by the reaction can be calculated using the standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) values for the compounds involved in the reaction. The ΔHf° values for Fe2O3, CO, Fe, and CO2 are -824.2 kJ/mol, -110.5 kJ/mol, 0 kJ/mol, and -393.5 kJ/mol, respectively.

To calculate the heat released, we can use the following formula:

ΔH = ΣnΔHf°(products) - ΣnΔHf°(reactants)

where ΣnΔHf° is the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation for the products and reactants, and n is the stoichiometric coefficient.

Plugging in the values, we get:

ΔH = (2 mol × -393.5 kJ/mol) + (3 mol × 0 kJ/mol) - (1 mol × -824.2 kJ/mol) - (3 mol × -110.5 kJ/mol)
   = -1,066.3 kJ

Therefore, the reaction releases 1,066.3 kJ of heat.
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Ether acetate would be a suitable solution for the experiment based on the solubility of sodium borohydride and the mysterious aldehydes/ketones.

It is necessary to decrease unidentified aldehydes/ketones with sodium borohydride while submerging the reactants and products.

An unnamed ketone or aldehyde is reduced using sodium borohydride. The resulting alcohol (RCH2OH/R2CHOH), sodium borate (NaBO2), and hydrogen gas are produced when the unknown aldehyde or ketone (RCHO/R2CO) reacts with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). (H2).

Ethyl acetate would be a better solvent overall for the experiment because it would make the reactants and products more soluble.

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The length of the carbon chain and the types of bonds that connect the carbon atoms in fatty acids are used to categorize them.

A fatty acid is an aliphatic carboxylic acid having a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain.

Different fatty acids have different carbon chains (number of carbons in the fatty acid). From 4 and 24 carbon atoms make up the majority of fatty acids, with even numbers (i.e., 8, 18) occuring more commonly than odd ones (i.e. 9, 19).

No carbon-carbon double bonds can be found in saturated fatty acids, while one can be found in monounsaturated fatty acids and two or more can be found in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The length of the C chain affects how soluble fatty acids are in water. The fatty acid will be harder to dissolve in water the longer the C chain, resulting in a lower solubility rating.

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The concentration (molarity) of the solution that contains 38.3 grams of NaCl in 1.5 L of solution is 0.437 M

First, we shall obtain the mole of NaCl. Details below:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of NaCl = 38.3 / 58.5

Mole of NaCl = 0.655 mole

Finally, we shall determine the molarity of the solution. Details below:

Molarity of solution = mole / volume

Molarity of solution = 0.655 / 1.5

Molarity of solution = 0.437 M

Thus, the molarity of the solution is 0.437 M

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Imidazole group of Histidine is called as a poor functional group for promoting covalent catalysis because it doesn't participate in any reaction where a covalent modification on it occurs. Option (a) is correct.

Imidazole group is defined as an organic compound that has the formula C₃N₂H₄. It is called as a white or colorless solid which has the tendency to soluble in water producing a mildly alkaline solution. Imidazole group called as an aromatic heterocycle group that is classified as a diazole which has the nitrogen atoms in meta-substitution. Histidine is defined as an essential amino acid which has a positively charged imidazole functional group. The imidazole group makes the histidine a common participant in enzyme catalyzed reactions. The unprotonated imidazole group is generally serve as a common base of the reaction and the protonated form can serve as a common acid of the reaction.

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Answer:

2 is the rate of chemistry reaction

In ammonia, the nitrogen shares 3 of its valence electrons with each hydrogen atom and each of the hydrogen atom shares one valence electron. So option a is right.

Nitrogen has 5 electrons in its outer shell and hydrogen has one electron. All atoms try to complete octet electronic configuration to become stable. So covalent compound forms covalent bonds by sharing the electrons. Here one nitrogen forms covalent bonds with three hydrogen atoms by sharing one electron with each.

As there is 5 electrons in the outer shell, two of them remains as lone pair of electrons. Here since only one pair of electrons are shared between atoms, they form single bond with each other.

So nitrogen shares 3 electrons and each hydrogen contributes one.

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An acid combined with a strong base will always yield a strongly acidic solution. So the statement (a) is not true.

A strong base is defined as a compound that has an ability to remove a proton from a very weak acid of the reaction. Strong bases completely dissociate into its ions when in water. It is a base which is completely dissociated in an aqueous solution. It is a base which is ionizes completely in an aqueous solution. A weak base is defined as a base that ionizes only slightly of an aqueous solution. When an acid gets combined with a strong base it will always yield a strongly acidic solution not an basic solution.  We know that a strong acid and a strong base when combined in equal amounts they will react to form a neutral solution.

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which of the following is not true of acid-base neutralization? select the correct answer below:

a.  an acid combined with a strong base will always yield a strongly basic solution.

b. a weak acid plus a weak base can yield either an acidic, basic, or neutral solution.

c.  a strong acid and a strong base, combined in equal amounts, will react to form a neutral solution.

d. a strong acid plus a weak base, combined in equal amounts, yields a weakly acidic solution.

1) A formula unit represents the simplest ratio of elements in a (crystal) of an ionic compound.

2) A crystal is made up of: many atoms that are arranged in a regular pattern

3) There are two magnesium ions for every two sulfide ions in magnesium sulfide. The ratio of Mg to S in the formula unit is: 1:1

The proportional proportions of the cations and anions affect the structure of an ionic compound. Salts, oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, and the vast bulk of inorganic compounds are examples of ionic compounds. The electrostatic pull between the positive and negative ions holds together ionic solids.

For instance, sodium ions attract chloride ions, and chloride ions attract sodium ions. Na+ and Cl- ions are arranged alternately to form a three-dimensional framework. This particle is made of sodium chloride. Because there are as many sodium ions as there are chloride ions, the diamond is uncharged. The ions are held in the formations by the forces of attraction between them.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Select the word or phrase from the drop-down menu to describe ionic compounds.

A formula unit represents the simplest ratio of elements in a : ✔ crystal. of an ionic compound.

A crystal is made up of : ✔ many atoms that are arranged in a regular pattern.

There are two magnesium ions for every two sulfide ions in magnesium sulfide. The ratio of Mg to S in the formula unit is : ✔ 1:1.

The kinetic/thermal energy of one mole of CO2 molecules at 37°C is 99.0 kJ.

Thermal energy is the energy that comes from the temperature of an object or its surroundings. It is a form of energy that is released by a substance as a result of its temperature increasing. Thermal energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles that make up a substance.

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object as a result of its motion. It is calculated using the formula KE = 1/2mv2, where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity. The kinetic energy of an object increases as its velocity or mass increases.

The thermal energy of one mole of CO2 molecules at 37°C can be calculated using the formula: E = nRT, where E is the thermal energy, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

The gas constant R is equal to 8.314 J/mol K.

Converting 37°C to Kelvin, we get: T = 37 + 273 = 310 K

Substituting the values into the formula, we get:E = nRT= (1 mol)(8.314 J/mol K)(310 K)= 2574.94 J/mol

Converting J/mol to kJ/mol, we get:2574.94 J/mol / 1000 = 2.57 kJ/mol

Therefore, the thermal energy of one mole of CO2 molecules at 37°C is 2.57 kJ/mol.

The kinetic energy of one mole of CO2 molecules at 37°C can be calculated using the formula KE = 3/2nRT, where n, R, and T have the same values as before.

Substituting the values into the formula, we get:KE = 3/2nRT= (3/2)(1 mol)(8.314 J/mol K)(310 K)= 3860.41 J/mol

Converting J/mol to kJ/mol, we get:3860.41 J/mol / 1000 = 3.86 kJ/molTherefore, the kinetic energy of one mole of CO2 molecules at 37°C is 3.86 kJ/mol.

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The solubility of Al(OH)3 in 0.000010 M NaOH is 3.2 x 10⁻¹°M to 2 significant figures.

How we can calculate solubility ?

The balanced chemical equation for the dissolution of Al(OH)3 in water is:

Al(OH)3(s) + 3 OH-(aq) ↔ Al(OH)3 3-(aq)

The solubility product expression is:

Ksp = [Al(OH)3 3-][OH-]³

Since the concentration of OH⁻ is provided, we can use it to find the concentration of Al(OH)3 3- and then calculate the solubility:

[OH-] = 0.000010 M

From the balanced equation, we can see that the concentration of Al(OH)3 3- is three times the concentration of OH⁻, so:

[Al(OH)3 3⁻] = 3[OH⁻] = 3(0.000010 M) = 3.0 x 10⁻⁵ M

Substituting this value and the Ksp into the solubility product expression, we get:

1.0 x 10⁻³³= (3.0 x 10⁻⁵)¹ [0.000010]³

Solving for the solubility [Al(OH)3] gives:

[Al(OH)3] = (1.0 x 10⁻³³/0.000010³)^1/4 = 3.2 x 10⁻¹°  M

Therefore, the solubility of Al(OH)3 in 0.000010 M NaOH is 3.2 x 10⁻¹°M to 2 significant figures.

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The relationship between pH and the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration can be described by the pH scale, which is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 is considered neutral (indicating the presence of equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions), pH values below 7 indicate acidity (indicating the presence of higher concentrations of H+ ions than OH- ions), and pH values above 7 indicate basicity (indicating the presence of higher concentrations of OH- ions than H+ ions).

Mathematically, the relationship between pH and the hydroxide ion concentration can be expressed as:

pH = -log [OH-]

where [OH-] represents the concentration of hydroxide ions in moles per liter (M).

So, as the pH increases (i.e. becomes more basic), the hydroxide ion concentration also increases, and as the pH decreases (i.e. becomes more acidic), the hydroxide ion concentration decreases.

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The mole ratio of NH3 to H2 is 2:3.

Mole ratio is a term used in chemistry to describe the relative amounts of two or more substances involved in a chemical reaction. It refers to the ratio of the number of moles of one substance to the number of moles of another substance in a chemical reaction.

The mole ratio of NH3 to H2 in the chemical reaction where NH3 and H2 react to form NH3 is:

N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3

The balanced equation shows that one molecule of N2 reacts with three molecules of H2 to produce two molecules of NH3. Therefore, the mole ratio of NH3 to H2 is 2:3.

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Answer:

1,495.11 L volume of air will be required for the complete combustion of octane vapors of 25 L.

It will take approximately 2368 years for a wooden desk made of fresh lumber to have 75% of its original Carbon-14 remaining.

To determine how many years it will take for a wooden desk to have 75% of its original Carbon-14 remaining, we'll use the half-life formula:

Final amount = Initial amount * (1/2)^(time elapsed / half-life)

Let's plug in the values:

- Final amount: 75% of the original Carbon-14 (0.75 * Initial amount)

- Initial amount: 100% of the original Carbon-14

- Half-life: 5700 years

0.75 * Initial amount = Initial amount * (1/2)^(time elapsed / 5700)

Now we can divide both sides by the Initial amount:

0.75 = (1/2)^(time elapsed / 5700)

To solve for the time elapsed, we can take the logarithm of both sides:

log(0.75) = log((1/2)^(time elapsed / 5700))

Now we can use the property of logarithms log(a^b) = b*log(a):

log(0.75) = (time elapsed / 5700) * log(1/2)

Now we can solve for the time elapsed by dividing both sides by log(1/2):

time elapsed = (log(0.75) / log(1/2)) * 5700

Using a calculator, we get:

time elapsed ≈ 2368 years

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Answer:

One mole of a substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles (Avogadro's number).

Therefore, to find the number of moles in 9.35 x 10^24 molecules of molecular hydrogen, we need to divide this number by Avogadro's number:

moles = (9.35 x 10^24 molecules) / (6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol)

moles = 15.5 mol (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, there are 15.5 moles in 9.35 x 10^24 molecules of molecular hydrogen.

Concern of the survey method of research is : 3.)the researcher is dependent on the person answering the survey to be honest.

One concern of the survey method of research is that the researcher is dependent on the person answering the survey to be honest. There is a risk that participants may provide inaccurate or incomplete responses due to range of factors such as social desirability bias, memory recall issues, or misunderstanding of questions.

Therefore, option 3)the researcher is dependent on the person answering the survey to be honest is the most accurate answer.

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To select the most favorable eluent, which is the best solvent system to elute compound A and B TLC (Thin layer chromatography)  separation technique is used.

It is used to isolate and identify substances from mixtures. It works on the same principle as column chromatography, but it is carried out on a smaller scale. TLC is a simple and quick technique for separating components from a mixture. It is based on the differential adsorption of components onto the adsorbent surface.The most favorable solvent system to elute compound A and B is given as follows;Hexane/ethyl acetate mixture is used to elute the compound A from the mixture, and a solvent system consisting of a higher amount of ethyl acetate and lower amount of hexanes is used to elute compound B.Both components, A and B, have different polarities, and hence, their solubilities are different in various solvents.

The chromatographic separation occurs when one component has higher polarity and adsorbs more readily to the polar adsorbent than another compound with lower polarity. Thus, the ideal solvent system is dependent on the properties of the components that you are separating.

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If the graduated cylinder is not rinsed after transferring the sodium carbonate solution to the beaker, it can introduce a source of error into the experiment.

When a solution is transferred from one container to another, a small amount of the solution can remain in the container and stick to the walls or bottom of the container. This is known as residual solution or carryover, and it can affect the concentration of the solution being transferred.

In the case of transferring sodium carbonate solution to a beaker, any residual solution left in the graduated cylinder can affect the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution in the beaker. This can lead to inaccurate measurements and affect the outcome of the experiment.

Rinsing the graduated cylinder with a small amount of the solution being transferred can help ensure that all of the solution is transferred to the beaker and any residual solution is also added to the beaker. This can help to minimize the error introduced by residual solution or carryover.

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The entropy change of a sample of 26.7g of Sn in J/K when it melts at 232°C is 0.055 J/K.

We can use the formula ΔS = ΔHfus/T to calculate the entropy change of a sample of Sn as it melts at 232°C, where ΔHfus is the heat of fusion and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to it;

T = 232°C + 273.15

= 505.15 K

Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of Sn in the sample. We can do this using the molar mass of Sn;

n = m/M = 26.7 g / 118.71 g/mol

= 0.2246 mol

Now we can use the formula to calculate the entropy change:

ΔS = ΔHfus/T = (7.03 kJ/mol) / (0.2246 mol × 505.15 K)

= 0.055 J/K

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"Tin (Sn, MM = 118.71G/mol) is a soft metal that is used in alloys such as bronze. Sn melts at ,232 degree C, and has a heat of fusion of  Δ Hf = 7.03 KJ/mol. what is the entropy change of a sample of 26.7g of Sn in J/K when it melts at 232 degree C?"--

During the chemical reaction between sulfur and hydrogen chloride, the two substances combine to form a new compound known as sulfur dichloride, which has a chemical formula of SCl₂.

The chemical reaction between sulfur (S) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) results in the formation of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). The reaction can be represented by the following equation:

S (s) + 2 HCl (g) → H₂S (g) + SO₂ (g)

In this reaction, the sulfur atoms combine with the hydrogen and chlorine atoms from HCl to form H₂S and SO₂. The reaction is exothermic, which means that it releases heat as it proceeds. The reaction also involves the transfer of electrons between the atoms, leading to the formation of new chemical bonds between the atoms. Overall, the chemical reaction between sulfur and hydrogen chloride is a redox reaction, where the oxidation state of sulfur changes from 0 to +4 in SO₂, and the oxidation state of hydrogen changes from +1 to -1 in H₂S.

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The molar mass of P2O5 is 142 grams per mole. This means that if we have one mole of P2O5, it will weigh 142 grams. Similarly, if we have 0.5 moles of P2O5, it will weigh 0.5 x 142 = 71 grams.

The molar mass of a compound is the mass of one mole of that compound. It is expressed in grams per mole. The molar mass is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of all the atoms in the compound.

In the case of P2O5, we have two phosphorus atoms and five oxygen atoms. The atomic mass of phosphorus is 31, which means that each phosphorus atom contributes 31 units of mass to the compound. The atomic mass of oxygen is 16, which means that each oxygen atom contributes 16 units of mass to the compound.

To calculate the molar mass of P2O5, we need to add up the mass contributed by each atom:

Molar mass of P2O5 = 2 x atomic mass of P + 5 x atomic mass of O

Molar mass of P2O5 = 2 x 31 + 5 x 16

Molar mass of P2O5 = 62 + 80

Molar mass of P2O5 = 142 g/mol.

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Answer:

14 atoms

Explanation:

To determine the number of atoms in H2C6H6O6, we need to count the total number of each type of atom in the molecule and then add them up. The subscript following each atom in the chemical formula represents the number of atoms of that element in the molecule. So, in H2C6H6O6, there are:

2 atoms of hydrogen (H) 6 atoms of carbon (C) 6 atoms of oxygen (O)

To calculate the total number of atoms, we simply add up these values:

2 + 6 + 6 = 14

Therefore, H2C6H6O6 contains a total of 14 atoms.

In this task, we calculated the amount of energy required to perform various temperature-related changes to 2 kg of water, such as heating ice, melting ice, heating water, vaporizing water, and heating steam.

These calculations required us to use specific heat capacity and latent heat values for water.

i. To heat 2 kg of ice from -5°C to 0°C, we need to add energy to raise its temperature to the melting point of ice, while keeping it in the solid phase. The specific heat capacity of ice is 2.1 J/(g°C). So, for 2 kg of ice, the total energy required would be:

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

Energy = 2,000 g x 2.1 J/(g°C) x (0°C - (-5°C))

Energy = 21,000 J

ii. To melt 2 kg of ice at 0°C, we need to add energy to overcome the latent heat of fusion, which is 334 J/g for water. So, for 2 kg of ice, the total energy required would be:

Energy = mass x latent heat of fusion

Energy = 2,000 g x 334 J/g

Energy = 668,000 J

iii. To heat 2 kg of water from 0°C to 100°C, we need to add energy to raise its temperature to the boiling point of water, while keeping it in the liquid phase. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/(g°C). So, for 2 kg of water, the total energy required would be:

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

Energy = 2,000 g x 4.18 J/(g°C) x (100°C - 0°C)

Energy = 836,000 J

iv. To vaporize 2 kg of water at 100°C, we need to add energy to overcome the latent heat of vaporization, which is 2,260 J/g for water. So, for 2 kg of water, the total energy required would be:

Energy = mass x latent heat of vaporization

Energy = 2,000 g x 2,260 J/g

Energy = 4,520,000 J

v. To heat 2 kg of steam from 100°C to 115°C, we need to add energy to raise its temperature while keeping it in the gaseous phase. The specific heat capacity of steam is 1.84 J/(g°C). So, for 2 kg of steam, the total energy required would be:

Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

Energy = 2,000 g x 1.84 J/(g°C) x (115°C - 100°C)

Energy = 55,200 J

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Answer:

well u can see clearly that C got the most bonds