Analiza las siguientes situaciones.Luego indica que parte del sistema nervioso esta actuando en cada una. Explica por que 1) estás frente a un profesor dando examen oral sobre un tema que no estudiaste mucho. Estas nervioso y un poco pálido a medida que surgen las preguntas, te tiemblan y te sudan las manos. Antes de empezar el examen tenias ganas de ir al baño, pero se te fueron...

Answers

Answer 1

Respuesta:

1) Sistema Nervioso Simpático.

2) Primero, Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático. Luego, Sistema Nervioso Simpático.

3) Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático.

Explicación:

La pregunta está incompleta, falta la siguiente parte:

2) Estás durmiendo luego de una abundante cena, de pronto, sentís unos golpes tremendos, te tiran la puerta abajo y unos encapuchados te apuntan con algo que parece un arma ¡chau digestión! Sentís que los músculos se ponen cada vez más tensos.

3) Tus amigos te jugaron una broma pesada. ¡Los querés matar! Sentís que poco a poco tus pulsaciones vuelven al ritmo normal ¡Qué día!

Respuesta:

El sistema nervioso es un conjunto de células que controlan todas las funciones del cuerpo, incluyendo órganos y músculos. Para llevar a cabo dichas funciones, el sistema nervioso se encuentra dividido en dos grandes partes:

Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC): Conformado por el cerebro y médula espinal, que procesa la información recibida para mandar instrucciones al cuerpo sobre que funciones realizar.Sistema Nervioso Periférico (SNP): Conformado por nervios que se extienden desde la médula espinal hacia todo el cuerpo y son las responsable de captar señales que envían al cerebro.

El SNP, se divide entonces en Sistema Nervioso Somático, el cual conecta al SNC con todos los músculos para modular sus movimientos voluntarios e involuntarios y transmite la información desde el exterior hacia el interior. Y también se divide en Sistema Nervioso Autónomo (SNA) el cual a su vez presenta otras dos ramificaciones:

Sistema Nervioso Simpático: Controla respuestas que activan funciones y preparan al cuerpo para responder a situaciones diversas de estrés y peligro.Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático: Tiene una acción opuesta, para retornar al organismo a un estado de equilibrio.

Por lo tanto, el SNA se encuentra en la periferia y desde el cerebro salen nervios hacia todo el cuerpo, llamados fibras eferentes, enviando información de las vísceras y algunos órganos para controlar sus funciones de acuerdo a los estímulos percibidos. Por lo tanto, esta división del sistema nervioso controla movimientos involuntarios como la digestión, presión sanguínea, reflejos involuntarios, etc.

Por ejemplo, frente a una situación de estrés o de peligro, el Sistema Nervioso Simpático hace que el cuerpo entre en un estado de alerta para así estar preparado para defenderse y/o huir. Entonces, se envían señales a glándulas y músculos para que lleven a cabo ciertas funciones como dilatar pupilas, liberar adrenalina, inhibir la digestión, aumentar la presión sanguínea, etc. Todo esto ayuda al cuerpo a utilizar las energías disponibles para huir o defenderse frente al peligro y no malgasta las energías en funciones que no son prioridad en ese momento (como la digestión, entre otras) Cuando la situación se termina y la persona se tranquiliza, el Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático retorna al organismo hacia un estado de equilibrio causando la constricción de pupilas, liberando acetilcolina estabilizando la presión, retomando la digestión, etc. De esta manera, el organismo continua llevando a cabo sus funciones normales.

1) En este caso, la persona se encuentra muy nerviosa por estar siendo evaluada por un profesor y frente a toda la clase. Entonces, el Sistema Nervioso Simpático hace que la sangre se dirija a los músculos y el cuerpo se prepara para "huir" dejando de lado otras situaciones como ir al baño. La sudoración tiene la función de bajar la temperatura corporal, y los temblores vienen por parte de las palpitaciones y la presión sanguínea alta.

2) Mientras la persona duerme y hace la digestión, actúa el Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático, ya que el cuerpo se encuentra tranquilo y en resposo, sin situaciones estresantes o de peligro y puede funcionar de forma normal como siempre. Pero en el momento en el que la persona escucha ruidos, se despierta de golpe y al ver gente extraña la persona se pone nerviosa, se inhibe la digestión y otras funciones no primordiales para la supervivencia y la persona se encuentra en estado de alerta. En este caso, actúa el Sistema Nervioso Simpático. También se tensan los músculos, preparándose para ser usados y escapar.

3) Cuando la persona se da cuenta que los encapuchados eran amigos y solo era una broma, se calma, y baja el ritmo cardíaco por lo que actúa el Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático. La persona ya no necesita estar en estado de alerta para escaparse y huir.


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Answers

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