To calculate the output of each firm, market output, and price in a duopoly with a market demand of p=150−Q, Firm 1 having a constant marginal cost of MC1 =$20 and Firm 2 having a constant marginal cost of MC2 =$40, we can analyze both the collusive and Cournot equilibrium.
(a) Collusive equilibrium:
In a collusive equilibrium, firms coordinate their production decisions to maximize joint profits. In this case, q1 and q2 will be equal.
To find the collusive equilibrium output and price, we can start by finding the market output.
Given the market demand equation p=150−Q, we can substitute q1 + q2 for Q:
150 - (q1 + q2) = p
Since q1 = q2 in the collusive equilibrium, we can rewrite the equation as:
150 - 2q = p
Next, we need to determine the individual quantities produced by each firm. Since both firms have the same marginal cost of MC1 =$20 and MC2 =$40, their marginal costs are equal.
To find the output of each firm, we equate the marginal cost to the market price:
MC1 = p
MC1 = 150 - 2q1
20 = 150 - 2q1
2q1 = 130
q1 = 65
Similarly, for Firm 2:
MC2 = p
MC2 = 150 - 2q2
40 = 150 - 2q2
2q2 = 110
q2 = 55
The collusive equilibrium occurs where q1 equals 65 and q2 equals 55.
To find the market output, we sum the individual quantities produced:
Market output = q1 + q2 = 65 + 55 = 120
The collusive equilibrium price can be found by substituting the market output into the demand equation:
p = 150 - Q
p = 150 - 120
p = 30
Therefore, in the collusive equilibrium, the output of each firm is 65 and 55 respectively, the market output is 120, and the collusive equilibrium price is $30.
(b) Cournot-Nash equilibrium:
In a Cournot-Nash equilibrium, firms compete by simultaneously choosing their quantities. Each firm assumes that its rival's output will remain constant.
To find the Cournot equilibrium output and price, we can follow a similar process as before.
First, we determine the individual quantities produced by each firm. Each firm chooses its quantity to maximize its profits, given the quantity chosen by the other firm.
For Firm 1, we find the quantity that maximizes its profit:
MC1 = p
MC1 = 150 - 2q1
20 = 150 - 2q1
2q1 = 130
q1 = 65
For Firm 2, we find the quantity that maximizes its profit, assuming q1 remains constant:
MC2 = p
MC2 = 150 - 2q2
40 = 150 - 2q2
2q2 = 110
q2 = 55
The Cournot-Nash equilibrium occurs where q1 equals 65 and q2 equals 55.
To find the market output, we sum the individual quantities produced:
Market output = q1 + q2 = 65 + 55 = 120
To find the Cournot equilibrium price, we substitute the market output into the demand equation:
p = 150 - Q
p = 150 - 120
p = 30
Therefore, in the Cournot-Nash equilibrium, the output of each firm is 65 and 55 respectively, the market output is 120, and the Cournot equilibrium price is $30.
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Liz Electronics makes game consoles in three processes: assembly, programming, and packaging. Direct materials are added at the beginning of the assembly process. Conversion costs are incurred evenly throughout the process. The Assembly Department had no Work-in-Process Inventory on October 31. (Click the icon to view additional information.) Read the requirements. Requirement 1. Prepare a production cost report for the Assembly Department for November. The company uses the weighted-average method. (Complete all input fields. Enter a "0" for any zero balances. Round all cost per unit amounts to the nearest cent and all other amounts to the nearest whole dollar. Abbreviation used: EUP = equivalent units of production.) Units accounted for: \begin{tabular}{l} \hline \\ \hline \\ Total units accounted for \end{tabular} More info In mid-November, Liz Electronics started production on 125,000 game consoles. Of this number, 95,800 game consoles were assembled during November and transferred out to the Programming Department. The November 30 Work-in-Process Inventory in the Assembly Department was 25% of the way through the assembly process. Direct materials costing $437,500 were placed in production in Assembly during November, direct labor of $200,800 was assigned, and manufacturing overhead of $134,275 was allocated to that department.
To prepare the production cost report for the Assembly Department using the weighted-average method, we need to calculate the equivalent units of production and the cost per equivalent unit. Here are the calculations:
Equivalent Units of Production:
Units completed and transferred out: 95,800 units
Work-in-Process Inventory (25% complete):
Equivalent units = 25% * 125,000 units = 31,250 units
Cost per Equivalent Unit:
Direct materials: $437,500 / 125,000 units = $3.50 per unit
Direct labor: $200,800 / 125,000 units = $1.61 per unit
Manufacturing overhead: $134,275 / 125,000 units = $1.07 per unit
Cost Reconciliation:
Direct materials:
Cost of units completed and transferred out: 95,800 units * $3.50 per unit = $335,300
Cost of Work-in-Process Inventory: 31,250 units * $3.50 per unit = $109,375
Total cost of direct materials: $335,300 + $109,375 = $444,675
Direct labor:
Cost of units completed and transferred out: 95,800 units * $1.61 per unit = $154,078
Cost of Work-in-Process Inventory: 31,250 units * $1.61 per unit = $50,313
Total cost of direct labor: $154,078 + $50,313 = $204,391
Manufacturing overhead:
Cost of units completed and transferred out: 95,800 units * $1.07 per unit = $102,446
Cost of Work-in-Process Inventory: 31,250 units * $1.07 per unit = $33,438
Total cost of manufacturing overhead: $102,446 + $33,438 = $135,884
Total Cost:
Total cost of direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead:
$444,675 (direct materials) + $204,391 (direct labor) + $135,884 (manufacturing overhead) = $784,950
Now we can prepare the production cost report for the Assembly Department for November:
Production Cost Report - Assembly Department (Weighted-Average Method)
| Units | Direct | Conversion | Total
| Started | Materials | Costs | Costs
Units accounted for: | 125,000 | | |
Units completed | 95,800 | | |
Work-in-Process | 31,250 | | |
Total | 125,050 | | |
Cost per Equivalent | | $3.50 | $2.68 |
Unit | | | |
Cost Reconciliation: | | | |
Direct materials | | $444,675 | |
Direct labor | | | $204,391 |
Manufacturing | | | $135,884 |
overhead | | | |
Total | | $444,675 | $340,275 |
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The process group that is concerned with measuring the difference between what was planned in a project and what was achieved, we refer to as?
The process group that is concerned with measuring the difference between what was planned in a project and what was achieved, we refer to as Monitoring and Controlling Process Group.
The monitoring and controlling process group involves all of the project management processes used to track, assess, and supervise the project's progress and performance. The processes in this process group provide data for project performance measurement and control by measuring actual project results, evaluating those results against project objectives and plans, and taking corrective or preventive action as needed.
A project manager must be familiar with the project's objectives, key performance indicators, and the monitoring and control processes in order to manage the project effectively. The project's objectives and key performance indicators determine the data that should be collected, how the data should be collected, and how the data should be assessed and reported.
Monitoring and Controlling Process Group is an essential part of project management as it helps in identifying potential problems before they arise, allows corrective actions to be taken, and ensures that project deliverables are produced on time, within budget, and meet the required quality standards.
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Select one listed company on Bursa Malaysia and access the annual report of the company for the year ended 2021. Discuss how ‘forecast value’ may help users to make better decision. Provide FOUR (4) examples of accounting information from the financial statements that could be used to forecast the performance of the selected company.
Forecast value refers to the estimates of future cash inflows or outflows over a set period of time. Forecasting assists in the evaluation of future operations, helps management in decision-making, and aids in the control of financial activities.
Forecasting is critical to maintaining the long-term success of an organization by identifying trends, assessing data, and planning future actions.Four (4) examples of accounting information from the financial statements that could be used to forecast the performance of the selected company are:
1. Revenue:The revenue is the total amount of money earned during the year. It is a financial statement that reflects the business' income and provides a summary of how the business has performed in the past. Revenue forecasting is critical for any company because it helps managers to estimate how much money the company will earn in the future.
2. Gross profit: Gross profit is the difference between revenue and the cost of goods sold. It represents the amount of money that the company has made after accounting for direct costs. Gross profit forecasts are essential because they allow managers to predict the company's profitability in the future.
3. Accounts receivable: Accounts receivable are the amounts owed to the company by its customers. Accounts receivable forecasting is crucial because it helps managers to estimate how much money the company will receive from its customers in the future.
4. Accounts payable: Accounts payable are the amounts owed by the company to its suppliers. Accounts payable forecasting is critical because it helps managers to estimate how much money the company will owe to its suppliers in the future.
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"Adjusting entries are required by the historical cost principle of accounting." Do you agree? Explain.
No, adjusting entries are not required by the historical cost principle of accounting.
I disagree with the statement that adjusting entries are required by the historical cost principle of accounting. The historical cost principle is a fundamental accounting concept that states that assets should be recorded at their original cost. It provides a reliable and objective basis for valuing and reporting assets on the financial statements. Adjusting entries, on the other hand, are made to ensure that financial statements accurately reflect the economic events and transactions that occurred during the accounting period.
Adjusting entries are necessary to bring the accounts up to date and to properly match revenues and expenses in accordance with the accrual basis of accounting. They are made to recognize revenues earned but not yet received and accounting. incurred but not yet paid. Adjusting entries also account for the passage of time and the allocation of revenues and expenses over the appropriate accounting periods.
While the historical cost principle guides the initial recording of assets, it does not dictate the need for adjusting entries. Adjusting entries are primarily driven by other accounting principles, such as the matching principle and the revenue recognition principle. These principles ensure that revenues and expenses are recognized in the period in which they are earned or incurred, regardless of when cash is received or paid.
In summary, adjusting entries serve to align the financial statements with the accrual basis of accounting and the matching principle, rather than being directly required by the historical cost principle. The historical cost principle provides a basis for initially valuing assets, while adjusting entries ensure that the financial statements accurately reflect the financial performance and position of the entity.
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Imagine / assume you are running a Manufacturing firm with a capital of $100,000− 1,000,000 in Fujairah UAE. You are free to assume / invest within the range of $100,000−$ 1,000,000, depending on the size of the firm. The total cost of the firm is 2,500,000. With this assumption you are required to prepare the Cost Sheet of the firm Further requirements: 1. Assume the administrative cost of the firm with in the range of $200,000 to 400,000 2. Selling and distribution overheads are $350,000 3. You can select an amount of Opening stock of finished goods within a range of $10,000 to $20,000 4. You can select an amount of WIP opening and closing with in a range of $15000 to $ 25000. 5. Analyze the differences in between the Manufacturing cost related to managerial accounting and Administrative cost related to financial accounting as well as the effect of these costs on your cost sheet. 6. Give recommendations on the basis of your findings and conclusions to the firm, how they can increase their profit margin?
Manufacturing costs directly relate to production, while administrative costs cover overall operational expenses. To increase profit margin, focus on cost reduction, pricing analysis, operational efficiency, sales improvement, R&D investment, and financial analysis.
Cost Sheet of the Manufacturing Firm in Fujairah, UAE:
Assumed Capital: $100,000 - $1,000,000
Total Cost of the Firm: $2,500,000
Opening Stock of Finished Goods: $10,000 - $20,000
WIP Opening: $15,000 - $25,000
Manufacturing Costs:
- Direct Materials: $XXX
- Direct Labor: $XXX
- Factory Overhead: $XXX
Total Manufacturing Costs: $XXX
WIP Closing: $15,000 - $25,000
Cost of Goods Manufactured: Total Manufacturing Costs + WIP Opening - WIP Closing
Cost of Goods Manufactured: $XXX
Administrative Cost: $200,000 - $400,000
Selling and Distribution Overheads: $350,000
Total Cost: Cost of Goods Manufactured + Administrative Cost + Selling and Distribution Overheads
Total Cost: $2,500,000
Differences between Manufacturing Cost and Administrative Cost:
Manufacturing costs, related to managerial accounting, include direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead. These costs are directly associated with the production process and can be traced to specific products. They are essential for determining the cost of goods manufactured.
Administrative costs, related to financial accounting, encompass expenses such as salaries, rent, utilities, and other administrative expenses. These costs are not directly tied to the production process but are necessary for the overall operation of the firm.
Effect on Cost Sheet:
The manufacturing costs impact the cost of goods manufactured, which directly affects the cost of finished goods. Administrative costs, along with selling and distribution overheads, are included in the total cost of the firm.
Recommendations to Increase Profit Margin:
1. Cost Reduction Strategies: Analyze manufacturing costs and identify areas where cost reductions can be made without compromising quality. This could involve optimizing production processes, negotiating better deals with suppliers, or implementing lean manufacturing techniques.
2. Pricing Analysis: Evaluate pricing strategies to ensure they reflect the true cost of production and align with market demand. Consider conducting a comprehensive pricing analysis to identify optimal pricing levels that maximize profit margins.
3. Improve Operational Efficiency: Identify areas where operational efficiency can be improved, such as reducing waste, streamlining processes, and optimizing resource allocation. This can help reduce manufacturing costs and increase overall profitability.
4. Enhance Sales and Distribution Channels: Invest in marketing efforts to increase brand visibility and expand customer reach. Explore opportunities to enhance sales and distribution channels, such as leveraging digital platforms or forming strategic partnerships.
5. Research and Development: Allocate resources towards research and development to drive innovation and introduce new, high-value products or product enhancements. This can help differentiate the firm in the market and command premium pricing.
6. Continuous Financial Analysis: Regularly monitor and analyze financial performance, including cost patterns, profitability ratios, and cash flow management. This will provide insights into areas that need improvement and guide decision-making to optimize profit margins.
By implementing these recommendations, the manufacturing firm can enhance operational efficiency, control costs, and strategically position itself for increased profitability.
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Direct labor data for Warner Company are given in BE3.2. Manufacturing overhead is assigned to departments on the basis of 160% of direct labor costs. Journalize the assignment of overhead to the Assembly and Finishing Departments. Compute equivalent units of production.
Equivalent units of production is $1370.
Given:Direct labor data for Warner Company are given in BE3.2. Manufacturing overhead is assigned to departments on the basis of 160% of direct labor costs.
The assignment of overhead to the Assembly and Finishing Departments: Journal Entry
Assembly Department = $48,000 × 160% = $76,800
Finishing Department = $72,000 × 160% = $1,15,200The manufacturing overhead assigned to the Assembly Department is $76,800 and that assigned to the Finishing Department is $1,15,200.
Equivalent Units of Production:
Equivalent Units = Units completed and transferred out + Equivalent Units in Ending - Equivalent Units in Beginning WIP
Assembly Department Units to be accounted for:1000 units × 100% = 1000 units
Equivalent units of production
:Units completed and transferred out = 900 × 100% = 900
Equivalent Units in Ending WIP = 100 × 75% = 75
Equivalent Units in Beginning WIP = 75 - 60 = 15
Total Equivalent units of production for the Assembly department = 900 + 75 = 975
Finishing Department Units to be accounted for:1500 units × 100% = 1500 units
Equivalent units of production: Units completed and transferred out = 1350 × 100% = 1350
Equivalent Units in Ending WIP = 150 × 80% = 120Equivalent Units in Beginning WIP = 120 - 20 = 100
Total Equivalent units of production for the Finishing department = 1350 + 120 - 100 = 1370.
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Taking it up a notch- You have decided to start a business selling widgets. You form a corporation, Widgets, Inc. You paid $10 per share for 1,000 shares of stock on January 1,20×0. Next the company borrowed $30,000 from your Aunt Suzie. For the $30,000 borrowed from your aunt, the company agrees to pay back that amount on December 31,20×6 and to pay interest at 10% at the end of each year. On January 1, 20X0, the company bought 6 widgets for $3,000 each. During the year, it sold 4 widgets for $8,000, the company bought 6 widgets for $3,000 each. During the year, it sold expense of $800, and 12 months of rent, $13,200. Widgets, Inc. bought a delivery van on December 31 31
that cost $20,000, putting $5,000 down on the van and agreeing to pay the balance next year. On December 31 the company paid the first year's interest to Aunt Suzie of $3,000. The tax rate is 30% of income before taxes and the taxes will be paid in 20X1.
Widgets, Inc., a corporation selling widgets, purchased 1,000 shares of stock on January 1, 20X0,
at $10 per share.
The business also borrowed $30,000 from the owner's Aunt Suzie, agreeing to pay back the amount with 10% interest on December 31, 20X6. On January 1, 20X0, the business purchased six widgets for $3,000 each.
During the year, it sold four widgets for $8,000 and had $800 in expenses, including 12 months of rent totaling $13,200. On December 31, 20X0, Widgets, Inc. purchased a delivery van worth $20,000, paying $5,000 down and agreeing to pay the remainder in the next year.
On December 31, 20X0, the company paid its first year's interest to Aunt Suzie of $3,000.The business's income statement and balance sheet for 20X0 are as follows:
Income Statement Revenue from the sales of widgets:
$8,000
Expenses: $13,200 + $3,000 (interest paid) = $16,200
Net loss: ($8,000)Balance Sheet Assets Cash: $8,000
Inventory: $12,000Delivery van: $5,000
Stocks: $10,000
Total assets: $35,000
LiabilitiesAccounts payable: $18,000
Interest payable: $3,000
Total liabilities: $21,000
Owner's EquityCommon stock: $10,000
Retained earnings (deficit): ($8,000)Total owner's equity: $2,000
Total liabilities and owner's equity: $35,000
The income before taxes for Widgets, Inc., was a net loss of $8,000.
The company's income tax expense for the year will be $2,400 ($8,000 x 30%).
The company's retained earnings for the year will be a deficit of $10,400 ($8,000 - $2,400).
Therefore, the net income for Widgets, Inc., after deducting income tax expenses, is ($5,600) ($8,000 - $2,400), which is a loss.
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If a company’s total fixed cost increases by $40,000, which of the following will be true?
A.
The break-even point will be unchanged.
B.
The contribution margin ratio will increase.
C.
The break-even point will increase.
D.
The contribution margin ratio will decrease
In this scenario, the company’s total fixed cost increased by $40,000, which means the company's break-even point will increase. option C is the correct.
The break-even point is that level of sales, where the total costs equal total sales revenue and the company neither earns a profit nor suffers a loss. There are two types of costs in accounting, fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed costs are constant regardless of the sales level, while variable costs change as the sales level changes.
When fixed costs increase, more sales revenue is required to cover the fixed costs and reach the break-even point. The contribution margin ratio will not change in this case.The contribution margin ratio is the percentage of each sales dollar that is available to cover fixed costs and then provide profit. The contribution margin ratio is calculated by dividing the contribution margin by sales revenue.
The contribution margin ratio is a measure of a company’s profitability. The contribution margin ratio indicates how much money is available to cover fixed costs and then provide profit from each dollar of sales. It does not change if the fixed cost increases by $40,000. Hence, option C is the correct answer. The increase in the fixed cost will result in a higher break-even point, and the contribution margin ratio will remain the same.
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"Free on Board" (FOB) and "Cost, Insurance and Freight" (CIF) both describe overseas shipping agreements that specify whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for the goods while they are in transit.
Distinguish the characteristics of these two agreements. This distinction can include the pros and cons of using either agreements.
"Free on Board" (FOB) and "Cost, Insurance and Freight" (CIF) are both agreements that describe overseas shipping. They are both used to specify whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for the goods while they are in transit.
The following are some of the characteristics of each of the agreements,
FOB: This refers to the delivery of the goods at the port of shipment, and the buyer assumes the responsibility for the goods once they are loaded on the ship. After the goods have been loaded onto the ship, the seller's obligation ends.
Advantages of FOB agreement include: The seller is not responsible for the goods after they are loaded on the ship, making it an ideal choice for experienced buyers who are familiar with the shipping process. Disadvantages of FOB agreement include: It places a greater responsibility on the buyer for arranging and paying for shipping, customs, and other costs.
CIF: This refers to the delivery of goods to a destination port and includes the cost of shipping, insurance, and customs clearance. The seller assumes responsibility for the goods until they are delivered to the destination port.
Advantages of CIF agreement include: It offers greater protection to the buyer since the seller is responsible for all shipping, customs, and insurance costs. It is a better choice for buyers who are less experienced in the shipping process.
Disadvantages of CIF agreement include: It places a greater burden on the seller to arrange for and pay for shipping, insurance, and customs costs.
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Eduardo has $10 to spend on lunch and can either buy Tacos or Nigiri-style sushi. Both Tacos and Nigiri cost $1 each, but the Sushi restaurant also has an "all you can each (at your own risk)∗
lunch special for that charge of $8. (a) Draw Eduardo's opportunity set for Nigiri and Tacos if he has $10 and prices are as described above.
The opportunity set for Nigiri and Tacos is a straight line connecting the points (0,10) and (10,0) on a graph, representing the different combinations of Nigiri and Tacos that Eduardo can afford with his $10 budget.
To draw Eduardo's opportunity set for Nigiri and Tacos, we can create a graph with Tacos on the x-axis and Nigiri on the y-axis. The points on the graph represent the combinations of Tacos and Nigiri that Eduardo can afford with his $10 budget.
Since Tacos and Nigiri both cost $1 each, Eduardo can buy any combination of Tacos and Nigiri as long as the total cost does not exceed $10. This means that he can choose to buy any number of Tacos between 0 and 10, and the remaining amount can be spent on Nigiri.
To plot the opportunity set, we start at point (0,10) representing the scenario where Eduardo buys only Nigiri and no Tacos. Then, we move along the line towards the right, reducing the amount spent on Nigiri and increasing the amount spent on Tacos. The line ends at point (10,0), representing the scenario where Eduardo buys only Tacos and no Nigiri.
The line connecting these two points represents Eduardo's opportunity set, showing all the combinations of Nigiri and Tacos he can afford with his $10 budget.
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Briefly explain each of the following standards. i) Ideal Standards ii) Current standards iii) Attainable standards iv) Basic standards b) State one (1) condition each under which the following standards could be set. i) Ideal standards ii) Basic standards iii) Current standards e. Explain four (4) reasons for standards setting.
The ideal standard refers to the perfect standard, which is a benchmark for performance, and it is attained under ideal circumstances. They are not commonly used in practice because they are impractical to achieve. Ideal standards are used as a reference to the production departments when designing the product.
Current Standards: Current standards refer to the prevailing standards in the industry. They are the established norms of the industry. They are continually being reviewed and updated as needed to adapt to changing circumstances. Current standards are used to measure the performance of employees.Attainable Standards:Attainable standards refer to standards that can be attained by a worker who works normally, with minimum efforts, and within the standard working conditions. They motivate employees to achieve the standard, thus enhancing productivity. Attainable standards help to identify areas where improvement is needed.Basic Standards:Basic standards refer to the minimum acceptable standards below which the performance of employees should not fall. They are the lowest acceptable standards that can be accepted. The output of an employee should be above basic standards. They are used as a basis for training and development of new employees.Conditions under which standards can be set ideal standardsIdeal Standards: When new products are being produced, ideal standards can be used to establish the maximum attainable performance levels. This will assist in evaluating the product development process and in establishing the maximum feasible performance levels for the production processes.Basic Standards:The employment of new employees necessitates the establishment of basic standards. This will assist in providing guidance to new employees in the organization. New employees must work above the basic standard, which acts as a reference point.Current Standards:Current standards are established when an organization wishes to compare its performance with that of other organizations in the same industry. It enables the organization to set goals and objectives for improvement.Reasons for Standards Setting: Standards setting is critical for the following reasons:It aids in the formulation of goals and objectives for employees. Standards help to provide workers with a clear understanding of what is required of them.It aids in evaluating the performance of employees.Standards serve as a basis for evaluating employee output.It aids in the detection of inefficiencies. When the actual performance of employees falls short of the standard, inefficiencies are revealed.Standards facilitate the training of new employees. They provide a basis for training new employees and ensuring that they reach an acceptable level of performance.
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J\&L Packaging, Inc.: Cash-to-Cash Conversion Cycle Case Study. Attached Files: [a J.L. Packaging Worksheet Template DL.xlsx (13.758 KB) Please respond to questions 1, 2,3, and 4. I provided you with a helpful spreadsheet template. Be sure to use it as part of your submission. Organizational Supply Chain Find, describe, and draw (if needed) an organization's supply chain, and identify the types of inventory in it and, if possible, the purpose of the inventory and how it is monitored and controlled. Some examples may include; your place of employment, restaurant, factory, retail store, hotel, school, or medical office.
J&L Packaging, Inc. is an organization that deals with packaging products and services. Its supply chain begins with the raw materials that are used to produce packaging products.
The materials are then shipped to the manufacturer, who transforms them into packaging products. The packaging products are then shipped to the distributor, who delivers them to the customers. Finally, the customers receive the products and pay for them.
The types of inventory in the J&L Packaging, Inc. supply chain include raw materials, work in progress, finished goods, and maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) supplies. Raw materials are used to produce the packaging products and include paper, glue, ink, and other materials.
MRO supplies are used to support the production and maintenance of the packaging products. They include items such as cleaning supplies, tools, and spare parts. The purpose of the inventory is to ensure that the right amount of materials and products are available at the right time to meet customer demand.
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China has been experiencing periodic water shortages (see article below). Economic analysis suggests that the policy of raising the price of water in certain cities would hav which of the following effects: A. Decrease the demand for water B. Decrease the quantity demanded of water C. Increase the incentive to transport water to the cities that are raising their price a. A only b. B only c. A and C d. B and C BEIJING - Cities across China are raising the price of water in moves that try to balance the need to conserve an increasingly scarce resource with the effects on a public used to low fees. The city government of Luoyang, in central Henan province, prepared to hold a public meeting Friday to argue for a proposed water price increase of 40% to 48%. Water prices in the dry region haven't risen since 2003, which the government says is exhausting meager supplies and keeping the local water utility in the red. At least half a dozen other major cities have raised water prices in the past few months. The changes reflect a growing official consensus that low prices are part of China's water shortage, since they give companies and households little incentive to use water carefully. The government is also spending billions of dollars on a controversial system of canals to divert water from the floodprone south to the dry north.
China has been experiencing periodic water shortages. Economic analysis suggests that the policy of raising the price of water in certain cities would have which of the following effects:
A. Decrease the demand for water
B. Decrease the quantity demanded of water
C. Increase the incentive to transport water to the cities that are raising their price.
The correct option is D. B and C, Explanation: The demand for water can be calculated using the formula: Qd = a - bP, where P is the price of water, Qd is the quantity demanded, a is the quantity demanded if the price of water is zero, and b is the slope of the demand curve. If the price of water is increased, the quantity demanded of water will decrease. The price elasticity of demand for water is low in the short run but high in the long run. As a result, an increase in the price of water will lead to a decrease in the quantity demanded of water. As a result, option B is correct.
In conclusion, an increase in the price of water in cities will reduce the quantity demanded of water and increase the incentive to transport water to the cities that are raising their price. Thus, option D is correct.
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Suppose that the two roommates next door to you are trying to solve the espresso machine problem and have asked you to choose a mechanism for them. Suppose you don’t know anything about their valuations (except that they are between 0 and 100), so you decide to maximize the area of (v1, v2)-space where the outcome of the mechanism matches the utilitarian policy. What mechanism should you choose? (Hint: draw a graph of the utilitarian policy, and try graphing the outcome of different mechanisms. Which one maximizes the overlap with the utilitarian policy?
--> The espresso machine problem basically is just two roommates trying to use their valuationsv_1, v_2, respectively, to see if they should by a machine for $100. They also use transferst_1, t_2
Choose the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism for maximizing the overlap with the utilitarian policy in the (v1, v2)-space.
The two roommates want to buy an espresso machine for $100. They have valuations v1 and v2, respectively. They will use transfers t1 and t2 to share the cost. In order to choose a mechanism for the roommates, we need to maximize the area of (v1, v2)-space where the outcome of the mechanism matches the utilitarian policy.
To do this, we first need to understand the utilitarian policy. The utilitarian policy is the policy that maximizes the total utility of both roommates. In other words, the utilitarian policy is the policy that maximizes the sum of v1 and v2. We can graph this policy as a straight line with a slope of -1.
We need to consider different mechanisms. One possible mechanism is the split-the-difference mechanism, where the roommates each pay $50. This mechanism is represented by the line v1+v2=100. Another mechanism is the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism, where each roommate pays their own valuation minus the other roommate's valuation.
This mechanism is represented by the lines v1-v2=t2 and v2-v1=t1.To maximize the area of (v1, v2)-space where the outcome of the mechanism matches the utilitarian policy, we need to find the mechanism(s) that overlap the most with the utilitarian policy.
We can see from the graph below that the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism overlaps more with the utilitarian policy than the split-the-difference mechanism. Therefore, the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism is the mechanism that should be chosen.
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Marginal choices or decisions Select one: a. involve additions to (or subtractions from) the current conditions. b. are the same as average choices. c. are bad or poor choices. d. always involve money. e. never involve money. Other things remaining the same, if the tax exemption for dependent children is raised in the U.S., what will tend to happen over time? Select one: a. The birth rate will fall, as having children will cost less. b. The birth rate will rise, as having children will have a lower benefit. c. The birth rate will be unaffected, since no one considers the money costs and benefits when deciding to have children. d. The birth rate will fall, as having children will have a lower benefit. e. The birth rate will rise, as having children will cost less.
Marginal choices or decisions involve additions to (or subtractions from) the current conditions. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
This statement means that marginal choices are decisions that deal with how to allocate resources or goods based on the most pressing needs of the time. It includes small adjustments made to the current state of affairs to achieve the desired result. The changes made may be additions to the current system, such as introducing new products or services, or subtractions from the current status quo. Marginal choices are the same as average choices, hence option (b) is incorrect.Other things remaining the same, if the tax exemption for dependent children is raised in the U.S., the birth rate will rise, as having children will cost less.This is because the tax exemption for dependent children encourages parents to have more children by reducing the cost of raising them. Therefore, the correct answer is an option (A).
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A survey was conducted about real estate prices. Data collected is 843652, 976439, 359566, 530281, 313219, 612944, 457015, 676689, 732911, 721046, 130001, 859217, 404307. What is the Standard Deviation of the price?
The standard deviation of the data is approximately 237847.92.
How to solve for the standard deviationFirst, we find the mean:
(843652 + 976439 + 359566 + 530281 + 313219 + 612944 + 457015 + 676689 + 732911 + 721046 + 130001 + 859217 + 404307) / 13
= 580674.62 (approximately)
Then, we subtract this mean from each data point, square the result, and then take the mean of these squares:
[tex][((843652 - 580674.62)^2 + (976439 - 580674.62)^2 + (359566 - 580674.62)^2 + (530281 - 580674.62)^2 + (313219 - 580674.62)^2 + (612944 - 580674.62)^2 + (457015 - 580674.62)^2 + (676689 - 580674.62)^2 + (732911 - 580674.62)^2 + (721046 - 580674.62)^2 + (130001 - 580674.62)^2 + (859217 - 580674.62)^2 + (404307 - 580674.62)^2) / 13] \\\\=56573283128.29[/tex]
√(56573283128.29) = 237847.92 (approximately)
So the standard deviation of the data is approximately 237847.92.
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When estimating the equity market risk premium using historical data, you could either use an arithmetic mean or a geometric mean. In general, the geometric average will always be less than the arithmetic mean. True False
When estimating the cost of noncurrent debt, Kyle Brooks used ________________ .
the internal rate of return from a recent bond
the yield-to-maturity from a recent bond
the coupon rate from a recent bond
the current yield from a recent bond
When estimating WACC, to calculate the relative weights of each capital component, Kyle Brooks used _______________ ,
book values
intrinsic values
the target capital structure
market values
When estimating the equity market risk premium using historical data, the statement "the geometric average will always be less than the arithmetic mean" is False.
When estimating the cost of noncurrent debt, Kyle Brooks used the yield-to-maturity from a recent bond.
When estimating WACC, to calculate the relative weights of each capital component, Kyle Brooks used market values.
1. When estimating the equity market risk premium using historical data, the statement "the geometric average will always be less than the arithmetic mean" is false. The geometric average is a measure of compounded growth over a period, while the arithmetic mean represents the average return. The two measures can differ based on the distribution of returns. If returns are consistently positive, the geometric average can be higher than the arithmetic mean.
2. When estimating the cost of noncurrent debt, Kyle Brooks used the yield-to-maturity from a recent bond. The yield-to-maturity represents the total return an investor can expect to receive by holding the bond until maturity. It considers both the coupon payments and any capital gains or losses from buying the bond at a different price.
3. When estimating WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital), Kyle Brooks used market values to calculate the relative weights of each capital component. Market values reflect the current market prices and the perception of investors regarding the value of the capital components. This approach provides a more accurate representation of the actual financing costs for the company compared to using book values or intrinsic values, which may not reflect the current market conditions.
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EFFECT OF IMMIGRATION
Consider a hypothetical economy in labour market equilibrium:
a. What would be the immediate effect of an increase in immigration in the labour market in this country. Explain your answers using the wage-setting and price-setting model.
b. Using the graph from part (a), explain how in the long term employment and the real wage may change.
c. Now suppose that some of the immigrants to the country decide to set up businesses, rather than become employees. Explain how you expect this to affect the wage-setting curve, the price-setting curve, and the labour market equilibrium in your graph.
Your answer is explained below. Please refrain from directly copy and pasting this, instead use your own words which are inspired by sources.
a) Immediate effect of increased immigration:
Wage-setting model: The supply of labor increases as immigrants enter the labor force, shifting the labor supply curve to the right. This leads to downward pressure on wages as firms now have more workers to choose from.
Price-setting model: The supply of labor increases, but firms have limited ability to adjust wages downward in the short run. This may lead to higher unemployment as firms do not need to hire all the new workers.
In both models, the initial result is lower wage growth or possibly even falling real wages, and potentially higher unemployment.
b) Long term effects:
As time passes, wages can adjust downward to some extent. This will bring the labor market back toward equilibrium, although real wages may remain slightly lower than before. Unemployment may stabilize or even fall as demand for labor eventually increases to absorb some of the immigrant workers. The key is that in the long run, wages and employment can adjust through changes in demand and productivity gains from a larger workforce. But full adjustment takes time.
c) If some immigrants become entrepreneurs:
This would shift the price-setting curve to the right, as more businesses mean greater demand for labor from firms. This increase in labor demand would offset some of the initial supply shock from immigrants becoming employees. As a result, unemployment would likely not rise as much or for as long, and downward pressure on wages may be smaller. The rightward shift of both curves would mean a new equilibrium with higher employment and real wages that are relatively unchanged.
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Consider again Dave: Dave collects old synthesizers. One he bought a few years back for $3400 he's decided to sell. Over the time he owned it, Dave did $160 in repairs and renovations. In preparing to sell the synthesizer, he's told by a source he considers 100% reliable that he could sell it for $3800 as it currently is. If, however, he is willing to pay $700 for some additional cosmetic repairs, he's told he could definitely get $4700 instead. Dave do the cosmetic repairs before selling because the marginal benefit of doing so is than the marginal cost. should not; greater should not; less should; greater should; less
Making the aesthetic fixes has a marginal advantage that outweighs its marginal cost. Before selling, Dave ought to do the purely cosmetic repairs.
The additional advantage you get from consuming one more unit of an item or service is known as a marginal benefit. The cost of creating one more unit of an item or service is known as the marginal cost. The extra cash Dave may get for the synthesizer if he makes the aesthetic repairs is the marginal advantage of performing them. ($4700 - $3800) is the additional sum of $1000.
The $700 Dave must pay for the repairs is the marginal cost of performing the aesthetic fixes. According to the facts provided, doing the repairs will result in a marginal benefit larger than a marginal cost. In other words, Dave will make a net gain of $300 ($1000 - $700) if he does the repairs before selling.
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ESTATE UNDER ADMINISTRATION Please refer to the following information for question 1 and 2. Mr Prakesh passed away on 13 March 2019, and his brother, Mr Rashmonu, is the executor as per his will. Mr Prakesh derived income from two businesses, dividend from investment Malaysia Corp (single tier), interest from a loan to a friend, and rental income as follow: Source of income RM Statutory income-business 1212,000 Statutory loss-business 2 Dividend income Interest Income Rental income 11,000 3,000 2,000 18,000 Mr Prakesh donated RM3,500 to an approved fund. Question 1 According to Mr Prakesh's will, he specified an annuity of RM72,000 to be paid to his widow, and RM20,000 to his son for his education. Required: (4) Determine the tax treatment towards Mr Prakesh's income for year of assessment 2021. (b) Calculate the taxable income of Mr Prakesh for year of assessment 2021. Question 2 According to Mr Prakesh's will, he specified an annuity of RM72,000 to be paid to his widow, and the executor decided to make a distribution of RM20,000 on 1 November 2019 to Mr Prakesh's son for his education. Required: (a) Explain on Rashmonu's responsibility towards Mr. Prakesh's income. (6) Calculate the taxable income of Mr Prakesh for year of assessment 2021.
The taxable income of Mr. Prakesh for the year of assessment 2021 is RM1,136,009, considering his various income sources and deductions.
1 - The tax treatment toward Mr. Prakesh's income for the year of assessment 2021 would be as follows:
a) Statutory income from the business: RM1,212,000
b) Statutory loss from the business: RM2 (This loss can be carried forward to offset against future business profits)
c) Dividend income: RM11,000 (Exempted from tax as it is from a single-tier company)
d) Interest income: RM3,000 (Taxable)
e) Rental income: RM2,000 (Taxable)
f) Donation to approved fund: RM3,500 (Eligible for tax deduction)
To calculate the taxable income, we need to deduct any allowable deductions from the total income:
Total income = (a + c + d + e) - b
Total income = (1,212,000 + 11,000 + 3,000 + 2,000) - 2 = RM1,228,009
Taxable income = Total income - donation
Taxable income = 1,228,009 - 3,500 = RM1,224,509
Therefore, the taxable income of Mr. Prakesh for the year of assessment 2021 is RM1,224,509.
2: a) Rashmonu's responsibility as the executor of Mr. Prakesh's estate is to manage and administer the estate according to the instructions in the will. This includes ensuring that the annuity of RM72,000 is paid to Mr. Prakesh's widow and distributing the specified amount of RM20,000 to his son for education.
Rashmonu is responsible for handling the financial affairs of the estate, including the collection of income, payment of expenses, and distribution of assets as per the will's instructions.
b) To calculate the taxable income of Mr. Prakesh for the year of assessment 2021, we need to consider the following:
Statutory income from the business: RM1,212,000
Statutory loss from the business: RM2
Dividend income: RM11,000 (Exempted from tax as it is from a single-tier company)
Interest income: RM3,000 (Taxable)
Rental income: RM2,000 (Taxable)
Total income = (a + c + d + e) - b
Total income = (1,212,000 + 11,000 + 3,000 + 2,000) - 2 = RM1,228,009
Taxable income = Total income - annuity - distribution
Taxable income = 1,228,009 - 72,000 - 20,000 = RM1,136,009
Therefore, the taxable income of Mr. Prakesh for the year of assessment 2021 is RM1,136,009.
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The Corporation performs adjusting entries monthly. Closing entries are performed annually on December 31. During December the following transactions occurred: Dec. 1 Issued 10,000 shares of capital stock to Aaron Hillman and other investors in exchange for a total of $45,000 cash. Dec. 1 Paid $14,400 to Boothe Realty for 12 months rent paid in advance. (Use the Asset account: Prepaid Rent for the entire amount). Dec. 2 Purchased office equipment and furnishings from Edwards Corp. for $12,000 (use the account Office Equipment and Furnishings). Paid $4,000 in cash with the balance due on a Note Payable (principal and interest due in 6 months). Dec. 4 Purchased office supplies on Account from Trackers for $1,400. Payment is due in 20 days. These supplies are expected to last for several months. Dec. 5 Purchased a 12 month business Malpractice Insurance Policy for $1,200 from the Cruise Agency (use the Asset account Unexpired Malpractice Insurance for the entire amount). One journal entry at a time. Click on Save and New. Quickbooks Computer Program, Page 6 Dec. 10 Received $3,000 cash from the Sweet & Fancy Cupcakes in West Reading as advance payment for services to be provided. (Use the Liability account: Unearned Accounting Fees.) Dec. 16 Paid employee salaries for the first two weeks of December, $1,200. Dec. 16 Earned $6,000 in fees for Accounting services provided in the first two weeks of December. $3,500 was received in cash and the remainder was billed to AAI’s customers on Account (due in 10 days.) Dec. 24 Paid the amount due to Trackers on account from the Dec. 4th purchase. Dec. 26 Received amount due on account from the December 16th billing. Dec. 27 AAI was named, along with Cruise Agency, as a co-defendant in a $5,000 lawsuit filed on behalf of Ellie Perry. Perry believes she was not properly represented by Aaron Hillman and is suing for damages. The extent of the Corporation’s legal and financial responsibility, if any, can not be determined at this time. (Note: this event does not need a journal entry at this time, but may require disclosure in the notes accompanying the financial statements. Dec. 30 Received a bill for internet & phone services for the month of December from Sprint in the amount of $350. The amount is due on January 15, 2021. Dec. 30 Declared a cash dividend of $.20 (20 cents) per share, payable on January 15, 2020. *Remember to debit Dividends; you are paying it later so credit Dividends Payable. Dec. 31 Earned $10,000 in fees for accounting services provided for the second two weeks of December. $6,000 was received in cash and the remainder was billed to AAI’s customers on Account (due in 12 days.) Data for Adjusting entries (These are done in the general journal.) Remember you are only adjusting for one month. The date for the adjusting entries is December 31, 2020. No Cash is involved. a. The advance payment for rent on December 1 covered a period of 12 months. (You only used one month) b. The Insurance Policy is for 12 months. (You used only one month) c. The annual interest rate on the Note Payable to Edwards Corp. is 9%. (One month interest) d. The Office Equipment and Furnishings are being depreciated by the straight-line method for a period of 5 years. There is no salvage value and you are expensing one month. e. Office Supplies on hand on December 31 are estimated at $750. f. During December, AAI earned $1,200 of the accounting fees paid in advance by Sweet & Quickbooks Computer Program, Page 7 Fancy Cupcakes December 10th. (You have now earned the 1200.) g. Salaries earned by employees since last payroll are $1,300. The Salaries will be paid on 1/3/21. h. The Accountant estimates that the amount of Income Tax Payable will be $3,000. These taxes will be paid in 2021. Step 4 - Reports 1. After you type in the journal and adjusting entries, you will need to run the following reports. a. Click on Reports, All Reports, Scroll down to For My Account Reports. Website does change so it might look exactly like this.
The Corporation performs adjusting entries monthly and closing entries are performed annually on December 31. Declared a cash dividend of $.20 (20 cents) per share, payable on January 15, 2020. Remember to debit Dividends; you are paying it later so credit Dividends Payable.
During December, the following transactions occurred:
I. Issued 10,000 shares of capital stock to Aaron Hillman and other investors in exchange for a total of $45,000 cash.
II. Paid $14,400 to Boothe Realty for 12 months rent paid in advance. (Use the Asset account: Prepaid Rent for the entire amount).
III. Purchased office equipment and furnishings from Edwards Corp. for $12,000 (use the account Office Equipment and Furnishings). Paid $4,000 in cash with the balance due on a Note Payable (principal and interest due in 6 months).
IV. Purchased office supplies on Account from Trackers for $1,400. Payment is due in 20 days. These supplies are expected to last for several months.
V. Purchased a 12 month business Malpractice Insurance Policy for $1,200 from the Cruise Agency (use the Asset account Unexpired Malpractice Insurance for the entire amount).
VI. Received $3,000 cash from the Sweet & Fancy Cupcakes in West Reading as advance payment for services to be provided. (Use the Liability account: Unearned Accounting Fees.)
Salaries earned by employees since the last payroll are $1,300. The Salaries will be paid on 1/3/21.h. The Accountant estimates that the amount of Income Tax Payable will be $3,000. These taxes will be paid in 2021.
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Suppose an auto parts manufacturer is thinking of moving production facilities overseas to a
foreign country. Production functions and input costs are the following:
Domestic:
q = 82L0.4K0.6, where w=25 and r=50
Foreign:
q = 74L0.6K0.4, where w=20 and r=60
For a quantity of 120, calculate the optimal K and L in each country and compute total costs
in each country. In which area should the firm locate?
In the domestic country, the optimal K is approximately 2.874 and the optimal L is approximately 1.471. Firm should locate production facilities in foreign countries to minimize costs, as total costs are lower in foreign countries.
To calculate the optimal K and L in each country and compute total costs, we need to find the values of K and L that minimize the cost function.
For the domestic country:
The cost function is given by C = wL + rK, where w is the wage rate and r is the rental rate for capital.
Given that w = 25 and r = 50, the cost function becomes C = 25L + 50K.
To find the optimal values of K and L, we need to solve the production function for L and substitute it into the cost function.
The production function for the domestic country is q = 82L^0.4K^0.6.
Substituting q = 120, we have:
120 = 82L^0.4K^0.6.
Now, solve for L in terms of K:
L^0.4 = (120/82) / K^0.6.
L = [(120/82) / K^0.6]^2.5.
Substitute this expression for L into the cost function:
C = 25[(120/82) / K^0.6]^2.5 + 50K.
Now, differentiate C with respect to K and set it equal to zero to find the optimal value of K:
dC/dK = -30[(120/82) / K^0.6]^1.5 + 50 = 0.
[(120/82) / K^0.6]^1.5 = 50/30.
[(120/82) / K^0.6]^1.5 = 5/3.
Solving this equation, we find K ≈ 2.874.
Substitute this value of K back into the production function to find L:
L = [(120/82) / (2.874)^0.6]^2.5 ≈ 1.471.
Therefore, in the domestic country, the optimal K is approximately 2.874 and the optimal L is approximately 1.471.
Now let's calculate the total costs in each country:
For the domestic country:
C = 25(1.471) + 50(2.874) ≈ $161.03.
For the foreign country:
The cost function is given by C = wL + rK, where w = 20 and r = 60.
Substituting the values, C = 20L + 60K.
Using the same method as above, we can find the optimal K and L for the foreign country:
K ≈ 1.463, L ≈ 2.595.
Substituting these values into the cost function:
C = 20(2.595) + 60(1.463) ≈ $128.36.
Comparing the total costs, we can see that the total cost in the foreign country is lower than in the domestic country. Therefore, the firm should locate its production facilities in the foreign country to minimize costs.
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The Superior Company Has Provided The Following Account Balances: Cash $152,000; Short-Term Investments $18,000; Accounts Receivable $36,000; Inventory $116,000; Long-Term Notes Receivable $44,000; Equipment $174,000; Factory Building $270,000; Intangible Assets $33,000; Accounts Payable $130,000; Accrued Liabilities Payable $19,000; Short-Term
5) The Superior Company has provided the following account balances:
Cash $152,000;
Short-term investments $18,000;
Accounts receivable $36,000;
Inventory $116,000;
Long-term notes receivable $44,000;
Equipment $174,000;
Factory Building $270,000;
Intangible assets $33,000;
Accounts payable $130,000;
Accrued liabilities payable $19,000;
Short-term notes payable $84,000;
Long-term notes payable $169,000.
Required: What is Superior's stockholders' equity?
Superior Company's stockholders' equity = $441,000
Total Assets = Cash + Short-term investments + Accounts receivable + Inventory + Long-term notes receivable + Equipment + Factory Building + Intangible assets
Total Assets = $152,000 + $18,000 + $36,000 + $116,000 + $44,000 + $174,000 + $270,000 + $33,000
Total Assets = $843,000
Total Liabilities = Accounts payable + Accrued liabilities payable + Short-term notes payable + Long-term notes payable
Total Liabilities = $130,000 + $19,000 + $84,000 + $169,000
Total Liabilities = $402,000
Stockholders' Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
Stockholders' Equity = $843,000 - $402,000
Stockholders' Equity = $441,000
Thus, based on the given information, Superior Company's stockholders' equity would be $441,000.
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You are considering an investment in Justus Corporation's stock, which is expected to pay a dividend of $1.75 a share at the end of the year (D 21 = $1.75 ) and has a beta of 0.9. The risk-free rate is 5.1%, and the market risk premium is 4.0%, Justus currently selis for $37.00 a share, and its dividend is expected to grow at some constant rate, 9 . The data has been collected in the Microsoft Excel Online file below. Open the spreadsheet and perform the required analysis to answer the question below. Open spreadsheet Assuming the market is in equilibrium, what does the market believe will be the stock price at the end of 3 years? (That is, what is Ps 3 ?) Round your answer to two decimal places. Do not round your intermediate calculations. 5.
Open spreadsheet Assuming the market is in Connected equilibrium Given,Dividend at the end of year = $1.75 per Shareholders current market price = $37.00 per share Beta of the Justus Corporation's stock = 0.9Risk-free rate = 5.1%.
Market risk premium = 4.0%Constant rate of growth in dividend = 9%For calculation of stock price at the end of 3 years, we have to use the Gordon Growth Model formula as follows:P3 = D4 /(Ks-g)Where,P3 is the stock price at the end of 3 years.
D4 is the dividend expected to be paid at the end of year 4Ks is the required rate of return for equity investor in the market is the constant growth rate of Dividend Using the given values, we Getting
= D3(1+g)
= $1.75(1+9%) =$1.9075Ks
= Rf + β × Market risk premium
= 5.1% + 0.9(4.0%)
= 8.7%Now, we can calculate P3 as:P3
= D4 /(Ks-g)P3 = $1.9075/(8.7%-9%)
= $1.9075/(-0.3%)P3
= $63.58The market believes that the stock price will be $63.58 at the end of 3 years. Therefore, option (2) is the correct choice.
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Ferreli Inc. recently reported net income of $8 milion, it has 560,000 shares of common stock, which currently trades at $29 a share. Ferrell continues to expand and anticipates that 1 year from now, its net income will be $13.2 million. Over the next yen, it also anticipates issuing an additional 140,000 shares of stock so that 1 year from now it will have 700,000 whares of common stock. Assuming Ferrelirs price/eamings ratio remains at its current level, what will be its stock price 1 year from now? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your anawer to the nearest cent.
The stock price of Ferrell Inc. one year from now is $38.32.
Ferreli Inc. recently reported net income of $8 million.
It has 560,000 shares of common stock, which currently trades at $29 a share.
Ferrell continues to expand and anticipates that 1 year from now, its net income will be $13.2 million.
It anticipates issuing an additional 140,000 shares of stock so that 1 year from now it will have 700,000 shares of common stock.
Assumption: Ferreli's price/earning ratio remains at its current level.
In order to determine Ferreli's stock price one year from now, we need to calculate the future earnings of the company in one year by using the given information. So, we have:
Ferreli's future earnings = $13.2 million
The company's earnings per share (EPS) is calculated as follows:
EPS = (Net income - Preferred dividends) / Number of common shares
EPS = ($8,000,000 - 0) / 560,000EPS = $14.29
Ferreli's price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) = Current market price per share / Earnings per share
P/E ratio = $29 / $14.29 = 2.03
Let's calculate Ferrell's future market price of a share:
Market price per share (P) = future earnings (E1) × P/E ratio
P = $13.2 million × 2.03P = $26,826,000
The new number of common shares after issuing the additional shares will be 700,000 shares.
So, Ferrell's future market price per share will be:
Future market price per share = Future market capitalization / Number of common shares
Ferreli's future market capitalization = $26,826,000
Market price per share = $26,826,000 / 700,000
Market price per share = $38.32 (rounded to the nearest cent)
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In the learning journal, you should record your activities, and record problems you may have encountered, as well as your notes and thoughts about the material. In addition, you should consider the following questions for reflection: Think of one of the processes in your life you identified in Unit 3, and apply the 5 S methodology to it. Explain each step. How is the resulting process different?
The 5 S methodology is an effective tool for improving the efficiency of a business process. This technique is used to create a workplace that is clean, organized, and productive. 5S stands for Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain.
Below is the explanation of each step:
Sort:
First, eliminate anything that is not required in the process. Items that are no longer needed or are outdated can be removed. This will declutter the workspace and increase productivity.
Set in Order:
Determine the order in which items will be arranged. Keep frequently used items close at hand to save time and reduce unnecessary movements. Label all equipment and tools, and ensure they have a specific place to return to.
Shine:
Clean the area and keep it clean. This will reduce the likelihood of equipment failures and make it easier to identify any problems that may arise.
Standardize:
Establish a standard for the 5 S process and ensure that everyone follows it. This ensures that the process will remain organized and efficient, even if there are changes to the process or personnel.
Sustain:
Continuously monitor the process to ensure that it is being followed. Develop a system to maintain and monitor the process to ensure that it remains efficient over time. Applying the 5 S methodology to a process in your life can lead to a more efficient and effective process.
For example, if you apply the 5 S methodology to your morning routine, you could sort out the clothes you wear, set them in order, clean up the room, establish a routine and stick to it, and keep it up by always checking for any missed step. The result is that you will be more organized and efficient in your morning routine, which can lead to greater productivity throughout the day.
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AN EQUITY ANALYSIS ON AIS Thailand STOCKS
Equity analysis is a process of evaluating the financial performance and value of a company's stock. AIS Thailand is a telecommunications company in Thailand. To conduct an equity analysis on AIS Thailand stocks, you would need to consider several factors.
First, analyze AIS Thailand's financial statements, such as its income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. These statements provide insights into the company's revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and cash flow.
Next, assess AIS Thailand's market position and competitive advantage. Evaluate factors such as its market share, customer base, product/service offerings, and pricing strategy.
Additionally, consider AIS Thailand's management team and their track record. Look at their experience, expertise, and past performance in managing the company.
It's also essential to evaluate the industry and market trends that may impact AIS Thailand's future prospects. Consider factors such as technological advancements, regulatory changes, and customer preferences.
Finally, analyze AIS Thailand's valuation metrics, such as price-to-earnings ratio, price-to-sales ratio, and dividend yield, to assess whether the stock is undervalued or overvalued compared to its peers.
Remember, conducting a thorough equity analysis involves a comprehensive evaluation of the company's financials, market position, management, industry trends, and valuation metrics.
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What decisions produced your highest throughput? and What theory underpinned your optimum strategy?
As an AI language model, I don't have personal experience or decision-making skills to answer the question. In computing, throughput refers to the number of transactions or data units that a system or device can handle within a given time frame. It is a measure of the system's processing capacity and efficiency.
Decision-making, on the other hand, refers to the process of selecting the best course of action or choice among several options or alternatives. It involves identifying the problem, gathering information, analyzing data, evaluating options, and selecting the best solution based on the available resources and constraints. These include:
1. Lean management: a systematic approach to identifying and eliminating waste in all forms of business processes. This strategy aims to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase customer satisfaction.
2. Agile methodology: a flexible and iterative approach to software development that emphasizes collaboration, customer feedback, and continuous improvement.
3. Six Sigma: a data-driven approach to quality management that aims to reduce defects and errors in business processes.
4. Theory of Constraints: a management philosophy that focuses on identifying and removing bottlenecks or constraints in business processes.
In conclusion, optimizing throughput requires strategic decision-making, planning, and execution. There are several theories and strategies that organizations can use to improve their performance, but the choice depends on the specific needs, goals, and constraints of the organization.
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Of the following options, which is NOT one of the functions of marketing research? Specifies the information required to address marketing issues Designs methods for collecting information Applies research results to the marketing mix Communicates the findings and their implications Manages and implements the data collection process
Of the following options, managing and implementing the data collection process is NOT one of the functions of marketing research..
Why is managing and implementing the data collection process not a function of marketing research?Managing and implementing the data collection process is not considered one of the functions of marketing research. Marketing research primarily focuses on specifying the information required to address marketing issues, designing methods for collecting information, applying research results to the marketing mix and communicating the findings and their implications.
However, the management and implementation of the data collection process typically fall under the responsibilities of data analysts, project managers, or other professionals involved in the research process. Their role is to ensure the smooth execution of data collection activities.
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"Manages and implements the data collection process" is an option that is NOT one of the functions of marketing research.
To determine which option is NOT one of the functions of marketing research, let's analyze each option step by step:
Specifies the information required to address marketing issues: This function involves identifying the specific information needed to address marketing problems or questions. Marketing research helps define the research objectives and the type of data required.
Designs methods for collecting information: This function involves developing a research plan and designing appropriate methods and tools for collecting data. It includes decisions regarding the research approach, data collection methods (such as surveys, interviews, and observations), and sampling techniques.
Applies research results to the marketing mix: This function involves analyzing and interpreting the research findings and applying them to the marketing mix. It helps in making informed decisions about product development, pricing, promotion, and distribution strategies.
Communicates the findings and their implications: This function involves effectively presenting the research findings to stakeholders. It includes preparing reports, and visual presentations, and summarizing the results in a meaningful way to aid decision-making.
Manages and implements the data collection process: This function involves managing and overseeing the data collection process, including coordinating fieldwork, monitoring data quality, and ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines.
Considering the options, "Manages and implements the data collection process" is NOT one of the functions of marketing research. While it is an essential aspect of conducting research, it is more related to the operational aspects of data collection rather than a core function of marketing research itself.
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The great recent recession, the covid-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukraine war Economic turmoil from an economic perspective
From an economic perspective, the great recent recession, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukraine war have all caused significant economic turmoil. Here is a step-by-step explanation:
1. The Great Recession: The Great Recession, which occurred between 2007 and 2009, was a global economic downturn caused by a combination of factors such as the burst of the housing bubble, financial market instability, and high levels of consumer debt. This led to a severe contraction in economic activity, with declining GDP, rising unemployment rates, and decreased consumer spending. 2. The Covid-19 Pandemic: The Covid-19 pandemic, which began in 2019 and is ongoing, has had a profound impact on the global economy. To contain the spread of the virus, governments implemented lockdown measures, restricting businesses, travel, and daily activities. These restrictions resulted in a sharp decline in economic output, widespread business closures, and mass job losses. Industries such as travel, hospitality, and retail were particularly hard-hit. 3. The Russian-Ukraine War: The Russian-Ukraine war, which started in 2014, has also had economic implications. The conflict disrupted trade relations between the two countries, as well as with their trading partners. This has led to a decline in exports and imports, investment uncertainty, and decreased economic activity in both nations. The war has also affected neighboring countries and regions that have close economic ties with Ukraine and Russia. In summary, the great recent recession, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukraine war have caused economic turmoil from an economic perspective. These events have resulted in declining GDP, rising unemployment, decreased consumer spending, business closures, and disrupted trade relations
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